一個公共自行車與一個運動會: 台北被國際化企劃的人類學分析

A Bike Share and A Sports Event: An Anthropological Analysis of Making Plans to Internationalize Taipei

韶芮(Salmonsen, Renee)

指導教授 ： 陳中民

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/人類學研究所/碩士(2017年)

摘要

人類是天生的未來規劃者（future-makers），即使對往後數十年的自我、他者、商業或城市都有創造想像的能力。正如Arjun Appadurai（2013: 286）所陳述，透過個人的「想像、期待和寄望」，人類的計劃能夠被感知且正當化，當中在這過程文化位居於最重要的位置。基於上述的前提，本研究以人類學的視角分析了臺北市如何透過市政計劃逐漸成為國際化城市，並且將焦點置放在兩個具體化完成此項目標的市政策略：執行YouBike公共單車分享系統，與舉辦鉅型運動盛會－國際世界大學運動會（Universiade）。
然而，兩個不同策略都對臺北市帶來了重大的影響，故本研究的民族誌分析著重於臺北市居民的國際化經驗，而此類經驗透過了多重的形式被具體化；都市與永續發展是長遠的計劃發展，並涉入了不同的行動者。藉由民族誌的探索，除了瞭解臺灣的國際化策略旨在改善臺北市的基礎結構、為國際上的大事件做好準備外，亦提供了一個當代亞洲城市如何發展永續交通系統的民族誌案例。從未來規劃的記錄之中，行動者的涉入召喚了深層的臺灣社會與當代發展理解；更進一步而言，這些國際化的操作同時也揭示臺北與世界上其他城市如何運用霸權方法作為改變的機制。

關鍵字

人類學 ； 永續發展 ； 計畫 ； 組織文化 ； 台北市

並列摘要

People are inherently future-makers, capable of creating tomorrow or that which lies decades away for themselves or others. From the processes of one’s “imagination, anticipation, and aspiration,” plans are conceived and justified, among which important notes of culture are revealed (Appadurai 2013: 286). From these starting points this research offers an anthropological analysis of the Taipei municipality as it works to become an increasingly internationalized city and two particular municipal strategies for actualizing this goal: implementing the YouBike bicycle-sharing system and hosting a mega-event, the Universiade.
Both strategies incur great change onto Taipei City itself, so this research ethnographically analyzes Taipei inhabitant’s experiences of the changes, the embodiment of which takes many forms. Acts of urban and sustainable development are the product of a lengthy planning process. This exploration into a Taiwanese case of internationalizing strategies offers an ethnographic example of a contemporary Asian city as it develops a sustainable transportation system in attempt to improve Taipei’s infrastructure and ready itself to host an international event. Documenting patterns of future-making, of the actor and the acted upon, yields deepening layers of understanding for Taiwanese society and contemporary development. Further, these mechanisms of internationalizing will be shown to function as homogenizing methods of change, in Taipei and cities around the world.

並列關鍵字

anthropology ； sustainable development ； plans ； Taipei City ； organizational culture

參考文獻

Abram, Simone, and Gisa Weszkalnys. 2011. "Introduction: Anthropologies of planning—Temporality, imagination, and ethnography." Focaal 61:3-18.

Ager, Dennis Ernest. 2001. “Motivation in language planning and language policy.” Multilingual Matters 119.

Andreae, Michael, Jinn-yuh Hsu, and Glen Norcliffe. 2013. "Performing the trade show: The case of the Taipei International Cycle Show." Geoforum 49:193-201.

Agrawal, Arun. 2015. “Environmental Transformations and the Values of Modernity.” Forging environmentalism: justice, livelihood, and contested environments, edited by Joanne Bauer, 347-359. Abingdon: Routledge.

Appadurai, Arjun. 2003. "Illusion of permanence: Interview with Arjun Appadurai by perspecta 34." Perspecta 34:44-52.