企業發展各階段的採購策略探討- 以A公司為例

THE EXPLORATION OF PROCUREMENT STRATEGY FOR VARIOUS STAGE OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT –USING A COMPANY APPLICATION

楊雲祺(Yang, Yu Chi)

指導教授 ： 林哲群

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/經營管理碩士在職專班/碩士(2016年)

摘要

在製造業中，學習如何持續降低成本是現今企業賴以生存的要素之一。因此在市場競爭激烈的環境之下，採購與供應管理便成為業界的一門顯學。成本降低是採購單位日常工作中，非常重要的核心業務。但隨著企業立足在不同的市場環境與時間點，產品可能會遭逢到多樣化的競爭下，在價值鏈中身為後勤單位的採購組織，便需要利用策略與各種方法，來協助企業在成本控制上，達到相對低點，以做好開源節流中"節流"的角色。

本論文便以A公司為例，探討企業發展各階段的採購策略。論文研究的方式，是先介紹產業概況來認識A公司所立足的砷化鎵產業。接著以文獻回顧來了解採購的定義，與其在企業中所扮演的角色，並利用80/20法則來分別品項的重要性次序，爾後再以卡拉傑克矩陣來解析採購策略的種類。接下來，介紹企業發展的各階段與該行業所需採購的品項，然後以A公司為個案去探討，研究在不同階段如何去落實各項策略。

研究結果顯示，無論是創業初期、成長期、成熟期、甚或衰退期，採購策略的設定(硬道理)都與各採購品項的用量、單價、於市場/產業中的供需關係(買/賣方市場)有關。正所謂「風水輪流轉」的道理，因著市場競爭態勢多變的緣故下，現今多數企業的營運狀況難以維持常勝之姿。因此採購單位除了使用各種策略交互運用外，更重要的是必須維持良好正向的供應商關係、互動與合作(軟實力)。期盼在未來的路上，無論景氣與公司發展景況如何，均能一本初衷、處變不驚的以"策略"與"態度"來營運管理。

關鍵字

採購策略 ； 降低成本 ； 企業發展 ； 卡拉傑克矩陣 ； 80/20法則 ； 供應商關係

並列摘要

Learning how to reduce the cost is a key survival factor in the manufacturing industry.Therefor,prucurement and supply chain management become an significant knowledge in the strongly competitive comecial environment.As a procurement unit,Cost reduction is a very important core operation in the daily job content.But as a company standing in the different market and time point,product face diverse compitition possibly,procurement organization as a supporting unit in the supply chain needs to apply strategy and methods to assist cost controlling to the relative low level for its company,in order to be a great cost saving character in the activity of tapping new resources and reducing expenses.

The paper takes the A company as example which investigate the procurement strategy for various stage of enterprise development.The method of research uses literature Reviews to realize the definition of procurement and its role playing in the enterprise.Then we uses 80/20 rules to set the priority of every purchasing items.Then analyse every purchasing items with Kraljic matrix to get appropiate strategy.Afterwards,the paper introduces each stage of enterprise development and purchasing items in its industry.Then explore how to implement multiple types of strategies in the different steps by the case of A company.

The result of research shows the procurement strategy setting(hard rules) connects to quantity,price,the relationship of supply and demand
(buyer’s or seller’s market),no matter the enteprise is in the start-up
/growth/mature or decline step.Well goes the saying：every dog has its day ,due to the competitive status in the market is changeful, so most of enterprise are difficult to remain ever victorious in running operation.Despite of applying multiple strategies in turn , it’s more important to remain positive relationship , interaction and cooperation with suppliers(soft rules). In the future , nomatter how the economy and company goes , we look forward to holding the original intension and street-smart to manage our business with right strategy and attitude.

並列關鍵字

Purchasing strategy ； cost reduction ； Enterprise development ； Kraljic Matrix ； 80/20 rule ； supplier relationship

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