- 學位論文
高電催化活性聚吡咯電極於染料敏化太陽能電池之研究
Development of High Electrocatalytic Activity Polypyrrole Electrode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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摘要
與傳統矽晶(Crystal Silicon-based)太陽能電池相比之下，染料敏化太陽能電池 (簡稱染敏電池)為一種製程簡單而成本低廉的新一代太陽能電池。目前染敏電池之光電轉換效率經過實驗證實，最高可達近14%。一般多半使用以貴金屬-白金(Platinum, Pt)作為電池的對電極，目的為藉由良好的電催化活性，使電解液中的碘根與碘三根離子離子對(Iodide/ Triodide, I3-/I-)有效地進行還原反應，這也是白金材料得以作為目前染敏電池主流對電極材料的主要原因；但也因而使染敏電池受到成本以及材料存量的限制，導致元件邁向量產化受到了阻礙。[1].[2] 近年來，相關研究皆聚焦於解決上述問題而努力尋找新材料替代白金對電極；亦即一兼具低成本、高電催化活性對電極之染敏電池。 聚吡咯(Polypyrrole, PPy)為一導電高分子本身具備良好的導電性，其製程簡單且成本低廉，並具備一定的電催化還原特性，因此可適用於染料敏化太陽能電池之對電極應用。此外，對於不同種類電極基板的相容性高，不論是於玻璃基板上具有極佳附著度，或是於軟性基板上擁有良好可撓性、高韌性，皆顯示聚吡咯此一材料之發展潛力。然而，僅憑單一聚吡咯材料作為電池對電極下，本身電催化活性相較一般白金對電極依然有相當落差，造成其電池轉換效率尚不足以達到與一般白金對電極之染敏電池互相競爭之程度。 因此，本研究透過於聚吡咯中參雜蒽醌-2-磺酸鈉(Anthraquinone-2-Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt, AQSA)，除了藉由蒽醌-2-磺酸鈉的參雜更進一步提升聚吡咯的導電性外，藉由參雜濃度的控制，顯著提升聚吡咯作為對電極的電催化特性。 總而言之，本研究為了要解決上述困境: (1)選擇以製程簡單且成本低廉的導電高分子化合物聚吡咯並參雜蒽醌-2-磺酸鈉作為染敏電池的對電極材料, (2)並將聚吡咯作進一步的參雜處理以提升對電極電催化還原性，最終製成低成本、高光電轉換效率之染料敏化太陽能電池。
並列摘要
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have drawn great attention so far due to their low cost and easy fabrication. Considerable efforts have been made to improve the efficiency of the dye, electrolyte and the working electrode, but less attention has been paid to the counter electrode. Generally, platinum (Pt) is mostly applied as the material selection of counter electrode forming by thermal deposition H2PtCl6 solution or sputtering method. However, owing to the intrinsic limitation of noble metal, that is, rare amount which leads to high material price making a huge obstacle for mass production. Besides, low temperature demand for flexible substrates also restricts Pt based counter electrodes. Polyppyrole (PPy)[3], a promising conductive polymer, which is well-known as one of the pioneering polymeric materials to break the myth that polymers have no electrical conductivity. With the beneficial conductivity, low cost & easy fabrication process, and outstanding electrocatalytic activity for reducing I3- ions after doping treatment all indicate PPy a potential candidate to replace Pt as counter electrode in DSSC[4],[5],[6]. Besides, excellent substrate compatibility of PPy could broaden the availability of DSSC into flexible substrate and portable device application. In this research, PPy is deposited with the doping of anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (AQSA) by in-situ chemical deposition on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO) as counter electrode for DSSC in order to enhance the electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of PPy. The excellent photoelectric properties, low cost & easy fabrication and substrate compatibility all allow AQSA-doped PPy formed electrode to be a promising alternative for DSSCs.
參考文獻
國立中央大學化學研究所，碩士論文，民94
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