- 學位論文
台灣移工文學場域的生成：以文學獎為例
The Formation of Taiwan Migrant Worker’s Literature Field: Using Literature Award As An Example
摘要
1999年第一個菲律賓移工詩社在台灣創立，台灣的東南亞移工文學發展至今已將近二十年。過去學界對移工議題的論述，主要從社會學、政治學及經濟學的角度切入討論，尚未有研究者以文學的面向，觀察移工如何透藉由書寫異國的勞動經驗為自身處境發聲。本文為第一篇建構「移工文學」研究框架的學位論文，旨在以場域（field）為研究視角，探討移工文學在台灣生成的脈絡。在確立移工文學的定義與論述邊界後，我們可以發現，移工文學在題材與表現手法上的獨特性是源於移工身分的階級流動與短期暫留的跨國經驗，因此會形構出和勞工文學、移民文學截然不同的發展脈絡和美學張力，這正是本文要透過場域理論切入，進一步梳理的重點。 本文分為三個層次逐步展開移工文學場域的論述。首先探討「移工文學社團場域」與「移工文學獎場域」在台灣建構的過程，觀察移工在這兩個場域之間，個別取得哪些特定資本，以及兩個場域內部的結構與權力運作模式。接著從譯介（translation）的角度出發，以移民工文學獎為例，探討移工文學在語言轉譯與讀者接收的過程中，是如何被翻譯者、評審、讀者重新詮釋，而誤譯的背後又是源於哪些文化脈絡的差異。最後，我們將視角聚焦在外勞詩文比賽和移民工文學獎的得獎作品上，觀察移工的慣習（habitus）落差及身分錯置（displaced）的感受，如何透過文學符碼的隱喻再現，並從女性移工自我敘事的特色中，探討移工文學場域有哪些既有與尚未出現的美學位置。上述研究結果顯示出，台灣的移工文學不只是移工所寫的作品，更像是由移工與文學場域內的台灣中介者共同協商、翻譯與創作的文學類型；移工文學也不只有移工主體發聲的社會性意義，其獨特的書寫面向，更能反應移工創作之於台灣文壇具有極為獨特的美學價值。
並列摘要
It has been almost 20 years since the first Philippines poets’ club established in 1999. In the past, researches in the academic circles mainly discuss such topic from a Sociology, or Politics and Economics point of view, and there hasn’t been one from literature perspective, that elaborates how migrant works express their circumstances through documenting their working experience overseas. This thesis is the first degree thesis that builds ‘Migrant Worker’s Literature’ framework, aiming to discuss the formation of migrant worker’s literature in Taiwan from a ‘Field’ point of view. After drawing the boarder of the definition of ‘Migrant Worker’s Literature’, we can find that the unique way of elaborating such topic originates from the class flow of migrant worker’s identity and their experience from temporary overseas stay, that creates a different route of development and aesthetic tension, which is the key point that this thesis is going to further discuss through the concept of ‘field’. This thesis will take 3 steps to elaborate the ‘field’ in Migrant Worker Literature. Firstly, I will discuss the formation the ‘Filed of Migrant Worker’s literature clubs’ and the ‘Field of Migrant Worker Literature Award’ in Taiwan, and observe what specific capitals migrant workers will obtain in these two fields, as well as the inner structure and operation within both fields. Secondly, from a translation point of view, with Migrant Worker Award as an example, to discuss how migrant literature is perceived differently by translators, award judges, and eventually readers, along with what are the cultural divergences that lead to such mistranslation. Lastly, we will focus on ''Taipei, Listen To Me!” Poetry & Essay Writing Contest and Migrant Worker Award winning articles, to take a look at how are migrant works’ habitus gap and displaced identity are reproduced through metaphor, so that to know in the field of migrant literature, what existing and not yet appearing aesthetic positions are. The research above will show that in Taiwan, migrant worker’s literature is not just works from migrant workers, but more of a type of literature that is coordinated, translated, created, and eventually formed by agents in the migrant worker and literature fields. Literature from migrant workers also does not only have social value in expressing themselves - with the unique subject and content, it also reflect the very special aesthetic value in the field of Taiwan literature in general.