企業供應鏈計劃系統建置的優使性設計

由於資訊科技與模型化技術的進步以及市場的競爭壓力，以最佳化設計為基礎的供應鏈計劃系統建置已成為近年來的潮流，然而，成功落實於產業界的案例稀少。從計畫人員觀點出發，對企業供應鏈計劃系統的優使性研究頗為缺乏。因此，本論文的目標在於延伸優使性的觀念，並且凝聚出應用於企業供應鏈計劃系統的優使性原則或概念模型。本論文採用探索性的個案研究方式，以探討某半導體製造業界內的大型企業供應鏈計劃建置專案。這種實證研究為適當的，因為電腦系統的優使性評估應該在特定的情境下—也就是產業界。本文制定了研究對象企業內的計劃系統結構，與一個包含HTO-面向（人類、技術、組織）的研究架構，藉以指導資料收集與分析的程序。本研究結果可由以下三個構面呈現：第一、對APS（先進規劃系統）於產業界應用的重新評估。第二、提出一個有效的優使性設計方法以幫助業界供應鏈計劃系統的建置。第三、建立一個階層式人類–電腦合作模式的設計概念模型以應用於企業供應鏈計劃系統。本研究的發現指出現實世界的生產計劃問題是尚未定義完整、複雜與動態的；此外，技術主導的APS系統建置所發現的陷阱可歸因於現實世界情況、人因、與組織等的構面。本研究由實務人員中萃取出一組關於計劃系統的優使性需求與處理策略，並因此突顯出一個由ICOM面向（輸入、控制、機制、輸出）所組成的優使性架構。對於計劃系統，本研究結果也顯示藉技術導向方式與模型化技巧以運用資訊技術所衍生的缺點，以及人類–電腦合作架構的優點。本實務研究取得了實用的洞悉性發現，並且提出了一個階層式人類為核心的設計概念模型，以應用在處於動態與複雜製造業環境下的企業供應鏈計劃系統。

關鍵字

優使性設計；人因；人機互動；供應鏈計劃；規劃與排程；半導體製造

並列摘要

Implementation of optimization-based supply chain planning (SCP) systems has become a fad due to advances in information technology and modeling techniques as well as market pressures. Unfortunately, successful implementation in the industrial settings is rare. There is insufficient study on the usability of enterprise SCP (E-SCP) systems from the perspective of the human planners who use them. Thus, this thesis aims to extend the concept of usability and crystallize design-for-usability (DFU) principles or conceptual models for E-SCP systems. An explorative case study on a large-scale E-SCP project in the semiconductor manufacturing industry has been conducted in this research. Such kind of field research is appropriate because usability of computer systems should be evaluated in their specified context of use—i.e., the industrial settings. The architecture of planning systems under investigation and a framework composed of HTO-aspects (Human, Technological, and Organizational) are formulated to guide the data collection and analysis processes. The results are presented from three perspectives: (1) a reappraisal on APS (Advanced Planning and Scheduling) systems in the industrial settings, (2) an effective design-for-usability approach to guiding the implementation of E-SCP systems, and (3) a conceptual model of hierarchical human-computer collaboration for E-SCP systems. The findings of this research indicate that real-world production planning problems are ill-defined, complex and dynamic; besides, major pitfalls regarding the deployment of technology-dominant APS systems are revealed to be attributable to the real-world context, human factors and organizational aspects. A set of usability needs and coping strategies for planning systems are extracted from the practitioners, which results in an emergent usability framework in the form of ICOM (Input, Control, Output, and Mechanism) dimensions. The findings also reveal drawbacks of tech-driven approach as well as advantage of human-computer collaboration scheme in employing information technology and modeling techniques. Practical insights are obtained from this field research and, consequently, a conceptual model of hierarchical human-centered designs is proposed for E-SCP systems in dynamic and complex manufacturing environments.

並列關鍵字

design for usability ； human factors ； human-computer interaction ； supply chain planning ； planning and scheduling ； semiconductor manufacturing

參考文獻

Arnold, J.R.T., & Chapman, S.T. (2004). Introduction to materials management. Pearson Education, New Jersey.

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Berglund, M., & Karltun, J. (2005). Human, technological and organizational aspects influencing the production scheduling process. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Production Research, University of Salerno, Salerno.

Boivie, I., Gulliksen, J., & Goransson, B. (2006). The lonesome cowboy: A study of the usability designer role in systems development. Interacting with Computer, 18, 601-634.

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企業供應鏈計劃系統建置的優使性設計

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