- 學位論文
從用戶迴路租用到基礎設施競爭—論細分化接取之管制必要性
The regulatory Necessity of Unbundled Access in Transition from Facilities-free to Facilities-based Competition
摘要
由於科技發展與成本結構的改變，固網電信市場自然獨占的神話逐漸被打破，始有一波又一波電信自由化的浪潮產生；然而不可諱言的是，即使市場並非自然獨占，但結構性的市場進入障礙仍然高懸而阻礙市場競爭的發生。為主動創造電信市場未有的競爭，電信事業主管機關透過網路元件細分化接取此一不對稱管制之規定，強制市場主導者出租網路元件與非市場主導者，以令後者得以取得在市場上與前者展開競爭的立足點；而普遍的共識是，不對稱管制係具過渡性質的規範，有朝一日市場競爭可預期達成時，此一租用管制便無存在的必要而應予解除，改由市場競爭機制取代而自發地維持市場秩序。 然而，不對稱租用管制長期實施以來，主管機關與各電信事業業者彷彿以此為常態，更遑論應檢視該租用管制是否猶有必要。為確實檢視管制之弊病所在，本文參考電信自由化 (民85)、不對稱管制 (民88)、銅絞線用戶迴路公告瓶頸設施 (民95) 等我國歷來重大電信法制之修正，並以美國1996電信法第251(c)(3)、251(d)(2)條規定之相關理論與判決為比較研究之對象；分析出必須釐清的關鍵爭議與結論以為：1. 應確立電信市場競爭之階段性目標為設施型競爭，2. 應建立不對稱租用管制之去管制規範。 參考上述不對稱租用管制之結論，銅絞線用戶迴路與光纖用戶迴路之因應措施有其差異：就銅絞線而言，基於結構性的市場進入障礙猶存，應逐步檢討管制必要性是否存在而解除租用管制，使目前的非設施型競爭漸次轉型為設施型競爭；就光纖而言，由於市場進入障礙並不明顯，而宜即刻解除租用管制，並鼓勵各電信業者以設施型競爭為階段性競爭之目標。
並列摘要
Along with the cost structure and technological change of the telephone network, the telecom market was no longer a natural monopoly and the telecoms liberalization was taken. However, there are still some entry barriers preventing from competition. In order to create the competition in the telecom market, regulators have to require those operators with significant market power to lease their network elements, also called network elements unbundling, to the others without that power. Hope that the latter could step on the equal position to the former. Regulators recognize the transition characteristic of asymmetric regulation, and anticipate that it will be non-necessary when competition fulfill the market. At that time, the competition structure could replace the regulation one. Though, it seems that the network elements unbundling is no longer transitive during these time, and the regulatory necessity of unbundled access is not reviewed any more. Therefore, we examine the regulation structure by comparing the Telecommunication Act of R.O.C. and United States. Eventually, we make two conclusions. First, we should clearly identify with the aim to the facilities-based competition. Second, we should establish the rules about de-regulation of network elements unbundling. Around the unbundling copper local loop, existing entry barriers, we have to review the regulatory necessity of unbundled access and transit the facilities-free to facilities-based competition gradually. However, around the unbundling fiber local loop, without entry barriers, we had better to de-regulate the unbundling and encourage operators to install infrastructure.