台灣IC業在印度的發展機會 － 策略契合的應用

李培玲

指導教授 ： 吳鑄陶

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2006年)

摘要

在全球晶圓代工市場上，台灣市場佔有率高達七成以上，IC設計業僅次於美國；台灣是個人電腦王國，筆記型電腦為全球第二大。這些輝煌的成果，是政府與企業無間合作四十年的心血結晶。

本論文以台灣半導體產業發展的歷程，說明台灣過去的科技產業政策如何引導IC產業從無到有，建構全球獨特的業務模式，落實產業垂直分工。新竹科學園區的成立，帶動IC產業形成聚落，人才由海內外聚集使台灣IC產業成長茁壯。

台灣IC業者不斷追求成長，繼中國之後，印度成為全球IC業界眼中的寶地。囿於缺乏接觸，到印度發展IC產業猶如瞎子摸象，片面的資訊無法滿足產業分析與策略規劃。本研究針對印度的經濟結構，提供全面性介紹，並就目前印度發展IC產業狀況，嘗試進行台灣IC產業至印度投資的策略契合分析，從國家產業政策、IC產業結構以及教育制度與人力資源方面切入，探討台灣IC產業在印度的發展機會。

策略契合是成功的基本要素，但絢爛經濟成長的背後有其隱憂，海外設廠存在一些已知或未知的風險。本研究希望在策略契合分析之後，針對國際建廠經驗提出建言，協助台灣IC產業海外發展踏上成功的坦途。

關鍵字

報酬遞增 ； 路徑依存 ； 垂直分工 ； 產業群聚 ； 印度半導體

並列摘要

Taiwan has been playing leading position in global IC industry for years, which takes 70% market shares on foundry business and stays number 2 on IC design; Taiwan is also the domain supplying personal computers and ranked number 2 on Notebook PC. These remarkable performances are gained under the collaboration of government and public sector companies over the 40 years.

This thesis depicts how official technology policies lead IC industry to develop from scratch to build the unique business model – foundry with the implementation of vertical integration based on Taiwan’s semiconductor industry development chronology. The establishment of Hsinchu Science Based Industrial Park helps bring suppliers to organize industry cluster in the area and calls for a lot of talents from oversea or locally to join in the IC industry development. All these efforts equip Taiwan with competitive edges in the global IC industry.

Taiwan IC companies have been searching for continued growth and started the investment in China since 2000. As India emerges, venture capitals and local IC companies focus their attention in this shining “brick”. There is an eager attempt to the understanding of India, particularly in semiconductor industry; however, due to few contacts, most people are furnished partial or incomplete information. This thesis tries to introduce Indian’s economic structure and provide Indian’s semiconductor industry development status in order to conduct strategic fitting that explores Taiwan IC industry’s potential development opportunity in India.

Positive strategic fitting is definitely the critical success factor to have Taiwan IC industry develop in Taiwan; however, there lies the worry behind the glamourous economic growth and the known and unknown risks for oversea IC Fab construction. This thesis also provides advices to Taiwan IC industry how a sound and safe journey is assured through past experience.

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