一個基於賽局理論的壅塞控制協定在低功耗無線個人區域網路

A Game Theory Based Congestion Control Protocol for Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks

許朝翔(Chao-Xiang Hsu)

指導教授 ： 許健平

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/資訊工程學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

物聯網是由多個異質網路節點所組合的網路，所以會出現較為複雜的壅塞問題且出現的頻率較高。6LoWPAN以及RPL是網際網路工程任務組標準化的第六代網際網路通訊協定適應層，以及繞徑協定用於低功耗的無線個人網路，RPL使用目的導向的有向無環圖作為網路拓樸並以收集點作為目的地。透過實驗我們發現RPL在網路壅塞發生時並不能達到很好的分散流量的效果以致網路效能下降。本論文對壅塞問題發生在RPL的環境下進行研究，在此論文提出的方法中，我們設計一個使用賽局理論的父節點切換程序。當壅塞發生時，每個節點透過此程序來進行父節點選擇來使整個網路達到納許均衡。經過此程序後若仍無法消除壅塞則使用傳輸率縮減機制來降低來源節點之傳輸率。經由模擬實驗結果，相較於ContikiRPL我們的方法使得封包掉落率下降兩倍並提升兩倍的吞吐率但會些微提升節點的平均跳數至根節點。

關鍵字

六代網際網路通訊協定 ； 壅塞控制 ； 無線感測網路 ； 物聯網 ； 賽局理論

並列摘要

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the presence of congestion can increase the ratio of packet loss, energy inefficiency and reduction of the network throughput. Especially, this situation will be more complex in Internet of Things (IoT) environ-ments, which is composed of thousands of heterogeneous nodes. RPL is an IPv6 rout-ing protocol in low power and lossy networks standardized by IETF. However, the RPL can induce problems like frequently change parent and throughput degrade under network congestion. In this paper, we address the congestion problem between child nodes and parent nodes in RPL-enabled networks, which typically consist of low power and resource constraint devices. We use game theory strategy to design a par-ent-change procedure which decides how nodes changing their next hop node toward sink to mitigate the effect of network congestion. Comparing to the ContikiRPL im-plementation, the simulation results show that our protocol can achieve more than two times improvement in loss rate and throughput with a few average hop count increas-ing.

並列關鍵字

Congestion control ； game theory ； IoT ； IPv6 ； RPL ； wireless sensor networks

參考文獻

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