論著作權於學術倫理之實踐與省思

The Practice and Reflection of Copyright in Academic Ethics

張作為(Tso-wei Chang)

指導教授 ： 范建得

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/科技法律研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2007.00262

摘要

學術的進展，必須依賴觀念與資訊的迅速交流，於是必須藉由大量且持續成長的學術研究成果之發表，才能達成。在學術成果發表時，作者當然代表對此成果之貢獻者，也代表對此一研究成果向社會負責之人。學術著作除了要將作者的觀點和發現向同儕發表，也要展現所有權的意義，這類著作權的問題，在學術界的爭議很重要，一旦公諸於世，影響的層面就更廣。學者教授擁有著作權，並非擁有作品的「思想觀點」，而是擁有「表達這些思想觀點的文字」，思想觀點經過闡釋後，始能形成智慧財產，學術著作的所有權，有倫理和法律方面的問題，然常引發的問題是，誰有權利主張對某項著作物擁有著作權？利用別人的觀點搶先對外發表，是一種偷竊行為，不過很難找到定罪的證據，但若是某人公開發表其觀點之後，別人再加以運用，則是正當的學術行為，反之若是借用別人的觀點且完全抄襲其表達方式，則是剽竊。學術研究的激烈競爭、學術聲望的重要性、以及學術專業的評價等，都可能促使學者教授作出違反學術倫理之行為，如何公平有效處理學術著作的署名問題，有賴學術管理機構、大學院校與學者等方面思考，預作因應以避免爭議。

關鍵字

學術著作 ； 學術倫理 ； 智慧財產 ； 原創性

並列摘要

Generating and disseminating information is the lifeblood of academic institutions. The scholarly publishing growing markedly results from the progresses of academic results. Scholarly publishing, not only communicating one’s ideas and findings to his colleagues, but also establishes ownership of them. These issues of intellectual property ownership are important in connection with disputes between faculty members and students; they take on even broader significance when they enter the public domain. What scholar owns through copyright are not the ideas but the expression of those ideas. At the moment of their elaboration they become intellectual property. Scholarly publishing is a meant to be useful to the academic societies; however, there are issues of systems of law and ethics that who has rights to own the work. To take someone’s idea and use and use it before it published is a form of theft, but difficult to detect and to prove. To utilize someone’s idea after it has been published and acknowledged is scholarship. To borrow not only the idea but the form of expression is considered plagiarism. Institutional reputations are often based on the works developed and published by their faculties. As a matter of competition and reputation of those academic institutions, the performance of faculty members, may be measured in terms of the generation and publication of scholarly works. Thus, there is the matter of misconduct rising in allegations concerning authorship research results. This study helps to clarify the roles and relations among the academic societies and faculty members, and to establish the principles on determining who should be given authorship status for avoiding conflict.

並列關鍵字

Scholarly Works ； Academic Ethics ； Intellectual Property ； Originality

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