藏於量化後之離散餘弦轉換係數於H.264/AVC的浮水印技術

Robust watermarking for H.264 video in the quantized DCT coefficients domain

施彥守(Yen-Shou Shih)

指導教授 ： 張隆紋

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/資訊工程學系/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2007.00324

摘要

H.264是近年來所新發展的影像壓縮技術，其壓縮效能以及影像畫質都超越了以往的技術，由於H.264的高壓縮效能，使得影像能夠在網路上輕易地傳播，因此影像版權的問題也將是H.264所要考量的一個重要議題。在這裡，我們提出的解決方式是在影片中加入浮水印。
由於H.264是利用差餘區塊來做編碼，因此大部份量化之後的區塊皆為全零區塊，而這些全零區塊也是讓H.264壓縮效率高的一大主因。所以本篇論文提出的方法主要是盡量保有現有的影像品質以及全零區塊，修改部份離散餘弦轉換並經由量化區塊的值，來達到數位浮水印的效果，而修改低頻部份的數值，對人眼視覺會造成比較大的影響，因此我們僅修改中高頻的部份。

關鍵字

浮水印 ； H.264 ； 全零區塊

並列摘要

In recent years, H.264 is a new video compression technology. Its compression and the video quality exceed in the previous technology. H.264 high compression efficiency makes video can easily spread on the Internet so that the copyright issue will be considered an important topic for H.264. Here, we propose a method to embed the watermark into H.264/AVC.
Due to the use of residual block coding of H.264, most of the blocks after quantization are all-zero blocks, These all-zero blocks is a high compression efficiency of a major culprit for H.264. Therefore, the main idea of this paper is to keep the existing video quality and the all-zero blocks. We change part of quantized DCT (discrete cosine transformation) coefficients to embed digital watermark. It will cause large effect for human vision to modify the low frequency so that we only modify to the middle-frequency domain and high-frequency domain.

並列關鍵字

watermark ； H.264 ； all-zero block

參考文獻

[1] Iain E. G. Richardson, H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression: Video Coding for Next Generation Multimedia. Wiley, 2004

[2] G. Y. Kim, Y. H. Moon, J. H. Kim “An Improved Early Detection Algorithm for All-Zero Blocks in H.264 Video Encoding” Publication Date: 24-27 Oct. 2004 Volume: 1, On page(s): 453- 456 Vol. 1 ISSN: 1522-4880 ISBN: 0-7803-8554-3

[3] G. Qiu, P. Marziliano, Anthony T.S. Ho, D. He, and Q. Sun, “A hybrid watermarking scheme for H.264AVC video” Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR’04)

[6] G. Mobasseri and Michael P. Marcinak, “Watermarking of MPEG-2 video in compressed domain using VLC mapping,” ACM Multimedia and Security Workshop '05, New York, NY USA, Aug. 1-2, 2005, Page(s): 91–94.

[8] ISO/IEC 14496-10 and ITU-T Rec. H.264, Advanced video coding, 2003.