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  • 學位論文

量子態非模糊區辨之可行條件探討

On the Feasibility Condition of Quantum State Discrimination

指導教授 : 呂忠津
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摘要


近年來,量子訊息理論在物理、資訊、通訊等各種領域已經是一個蓬勃發展的學科,在通訊上使用量子訊息理論的研究也越來越多。相較於傳統通訊中的訊號估測與量測,在量子通訊中首先會遇到的問題就是如何區分不同的量子態。其中將量子態無錯誤的分辨的問題稱為量子態的非模糊區辨,此種區辨方法會有一定的成功區辨機率,稱為區辨效率係數;若是區辨失敗,則會產生不確定的結果,而不會有錯誤分辨的情況。 在這篇論文裡,我們將討論線性獨立的純量子態的非模糊區辨。首先,我們會提出一個建立非模糊區辨的正值算符量測(POVM measurement)的程序。藉由分析這個程序可以證明此種正值算符量測存在的充分與必要條件會符合無限複製量子態的條件。有了建立正值算符量測的方法之後,接下來我們將討論此種正值算符量測的區辨效率係數。對於不同的量子態集合,我們找出所有可行的區辨效率係數,並且找出最小不確定機率法則與最大誤差最小化法則的最理想區辨效率係數。此外,我們將考慮哪一些量子態集合會使兩種法則的最理想區辨效率係數相同的充分與必要條件。由此,我們發現所有的量子態集合都可以藉由改變事前機率而滿足這個充分與必要條件。最後我們會證明有相同事前機率的幾何均勻(GU)量子態集合會滿足兩種法則的理想區辨效率相同的條件。

並列摘要


In this thesis, we consider the quantum unambiguous discrimination problem of a set of linearly independent pure states. We propose a procedure to construct a POVM measurement for unambiguous quantum state discrimination. Base on this procedure, we justify that the necessary and sufficient condition for constructing an unambiguous discrimination POVM is equivalent to the condition for infinite quantum cloning. We develop methods to calculate the optimal discrimination efficiency for minimizing the inconclusive probability and the optimal discrimination efficiency for the minimax criterion. Finally, we prove a necessary and sufficient condition to have a POVM measurement which achieves the minimum inconclusive probability criterion and the minimax criterion simultaneously and show that geometrically uniform (GU) states with equal a priori probabilities meet this condition.

參考文獻


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