性別及年齡差異對汽車駕駛的情境知覺之影響

The Effects of Gender and Age on Drivers' Situation Awareness

邱士軒(Shih-hsuan Chiu)

指導教授 ： 王明揚

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討不同性別與年齡層之駕駛群體之情境知覺。經由文獻整理以及專家訪談的方式，獲得關於駕駛主要作業 (操控作業及認路作業) 之情境知覺；預先發展環狀快速道路的模擬駕駛環境，並且設計兩種負荷的車流量。本研究招募五十位受試者 (35位男性、15位女性；年齡18~65歲) 進行模擬駕駛，並且在實驗中進行畫面凍結技術，請受試者填寫情境知覺全面評估技術問卷 (SAGAT)，於模擬完畢時填寫情境知覺評分技術問卷 (SART)。本研究於近期完成情境知覺問卷整理，研究結果指出不同性別及年齡層之駕駛對於駕駛主要作業的情境知覺有顯著影響，而不同年齡層駕駛群體之情境知覺也有所差異，其中以36歲~45歲之駕駛情境知覺最高；18歲~25歲駕駛之情境知覺較其他年齡層駕駛來得低。研究結果也顯示，在高負荷之車流量下，駕駛群體之情境知覺較低負荷車流量之情況下高。本研究所得之結果，可提供駕駛訓練之參考，並作為日後相關領域研究之參考。

關鍵字

情境知覺 ； 模擬駕駛 ； 駕駛作業 ； 情境知覺全面評估技術 ； 情境知覺評分技術

並列摘要

This study attempts to investigate the effects of gender and age on drivers’ situation awareness (SA). By literature review and interviews with experts, SA plays an important role in different driving tasks (maneuvering task and navigation task). A driving simulation setup mimics a close-loop highway environment was established prior to the experiment. With fifty recruited participants (35 male and 15 female drivers), each participant was asked finishing the simulation experiment with two scenarios (high vs. low mental workload). In addition, two freezes were given for each participant during the experiment. Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) questionnaire survey was conducted after each freeze and the Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART) questionnaire survey was given when a scenario was performed. The experiment has been finished recently and some of the preliminary results showed that different gender and age groups were significantly different in terms of the degree of the SA. In general, male subjects showed higher SA than the females. The age group of 36 to 45 years had the highest SA while the age group of 18 to 25 years had the lowest SA. The results also show that drivers have better SA under high workload situation than low workload situation. The results could be useful in providing specific aspects for driving training and for further researches as well.

並列關鍵字

Situation awareness ； Driving simulation ； Driving tasks ； Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) ； Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART)

參考文獻

1.Annette, D., Wendy, B., Jean, B., Jennifer, P. (1999). Women driver’s behavior, socio-demographic characteristics and accidents. Accident Analysis and Prevention 31 525-535.

3.Bolstad, C. A., Raleigh (2001). Situation Awareness: Does it Change with Age? Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 45th Annual Meeting.

4.Dejoy, D. M. (1992). An Examination of Gender Differences in Traffic Accident Risk Perception. Accid. Anal. Vol. 24, No. 3. pp. 237-246.

5.Endsely, M. R. (1998). A Comparative Analysis of SAGAT and SART for Evaluations of Situation Awareness. Paper presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors & Ergonomics Society, Chicago.

8.Endsely, M. R., Robertson M. M. (2000). Training For Situation Awareness. Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.