虛擬實境之顯示方式與行走速度對步態行為之影響

黃金珮(Jin Pei Huang)

指導教授 ： 王茂駿

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2007年)

摘要

近年來虛擬實境技術的應用非常廣泛，可以利用虛擬實境模擬人員的任務，以輔助醫學上對於患者疾病的復健治療、遊戲或是職業訓練。
然而虛擬實境種類繁多，影響使用者知覺感受也不同。本研究主要目的在探討不同虛擬實境之呈現方式對於步態行為與主觀心理感受之影響。研究分成兩部分實驗：地面步態實驗與跑步機步態實驗。地面步態實驗中探討三種的不同的虛擬呈現方式 (Non-VR、Mono HMD、Stereo HMD) 對步態人員行走在地面之步態行為影響。跑步機之步態實驗中探討受試者在四種不同呈現方式 (Non-VR、Mono HMD、Stereo HMD、 Stereo Projector)與二個速度水準 (3.2 km/hr、4.7 km/hr)下對於步態行為之影響。本研究量測參數有下肢關節角度化與地面反作用力，並利用SSQ問卷量測虛擬環境的主觀不舒適度。
兩個實驗結果皆發現，呈現方式會對膝關節的矢狀面角度變化量與SSQ分數有顯著影響。在VR呈現方式 (Non-VR、Mono HMD、Stereo HMD或Stereo Projector)中，會有較大的膝關節角度變化量，且獲得較高的SSQ分數。在跑機步態實驗中，可以發現速度這項因子對於步態行為的影響力遠大於呈現方式與性別。在速度為4.7 km/hr時，有較短的步態週期時間與較大的髖、膝關節角度變化量。
另外，由本研究結果發現虛擬實境 (Mono HMD、Stereo HMD或Stereo Projector)影響人員的穩定度，此穩定度反應在膝關節角度變化量。在使用虛擬系統時需注意使用者的主觀不舒適度。

關鍵字

虛擬實境 ； 步行速度 ； 關節變化 ； 地面反作用力 ； 虛擬實境顯示器

並列摘要

With the rapid development in information technology, the application of virtual reality becomes broader and more promising. By using virtual reality, it can easily simulate human tasks in virtual environment for medical rehabilitation, games, or professional training.
There are many different types of display techniques for virtual reality which may bring different perception to people. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the differences in gait parameters and subjective responses in different VR visual environment. The study was divided into two experiments: ground walking and treadmill walking. Twenty healthy adults participated the experiments. In ground walking experiment, subjects walked on a treadmill under three conditions (Non-VR, with Mono HMD, and Stereo HMD). As for treadmill walking experiment, subjects walked on a treadmill under four conditions (Non-VR, with Mono HMD, Stereo HMD, and Stereo Projector) at two walking speed, i.e. 3.2 and 4.7 km/hr. Response measures included joint range of motion in lower extremity and ground reaction force, and subjective motion sickness in virtual environment measured by the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ).
From the results of the above two experiments, we found that the influence of VR visual environment has significant effect on the joint motion of knee and SSQ scores. The motion of knee and SSQ scores in VR environment (Mono HMD, Stereo HMD, or Stereo Projector) was found to be greater than that in Non-VR environments. In treadmill walking experiment, the influence of speed was greater than that of gender and VR visual display environment. At the speed of 4.7 km/hr, a shorter gait cycle and a larger motion in hip and knee joints was found.
Further the research found that VR environment had significant influence on the gait stability of the users. We should notice that the user’s motion sickness issue while applying VR equipment.

並列關鍵字

Virtual reality ； Walking speed ； Joint motion ； Ground reaction force ； VR display

參考文獻

2. 吳家帆 (2006)。互動性虛擬實境之開發與應用-以生產作業為例. 國立清華大學工業工程研究所碩士論文。

3. Ames SL, Wolfesohn JS, and Mcbrien NA (2005). The development of a symptom questionnaire for assessing virtual reality viewing using a head-mounted display. Optometry and Vision Sciences, 82(3), 168-176.

4. Arnold P, Farrell MJ, Pettifer S, and West AJ (2002). Performance of a skilled motor task in virtual and real environments. Ergonomics, 45(5), 348-361.

5. Biocca F (1992). Will simulation sickness slow down the diffusion of virtual environment technology? Presence, 1, 334-343.

6. Borg G (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14, 377-381.