論後基因體時代人體組織之法律保護—以個人私權利保障為核心

陳冠維(Kuan-wei CHEN)

指導教授 ： 范建得 ； 林瑞珠

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/科技法律研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

生醫科學近年來蓬勃的發展，讓人類取得對生命前所未有掌控能力與相關知識。這樣的發展不但使得許多過往難以治療或預防之疾病產生了新的曙光，也讓生醫科學產業一躍成為眾所矚目的新興產業。然除了光明的遠景外，生醫科學的發展也衝擊了目前的倫理、法律與社會制度，並引發爭議，尤其是以人為研究對象之生醫科學研究。作為生醫科學研究之重要素材—人體組織，一方面具有研究上的重要性以及與日俱增的經濟意義，另一方面，又因為來自於人體而與其來源者有著難以分割的關聯性，而使得人體組織相較於一般法律上之物，有其特殊性。此種特殊性造成判斷人體組織上究竟存有何種私法上權利產生困難。
對此，本文先由探討美國司法實務以及所引發之爭議，呈現人體組織私法上權利界定之問題以及相關見解，並分析相關見解的合理性與適當性。然後本文回歸我國法，透過分析人體組織上之權利於我國私法可能的界定、人體組織來源者所可能主張之請求權，以及現行醫院或生醫科學研究者取得人體組織的模式，體現我國現行法對於人體組織保護之問題以及可能的解決模式。
最後本文嘗試提出人格權與財產權雙軌保護模式、對人體組織財產權部分再規劃以及立法以進行整體規劃之建議，以期使人體組織的來源者與利用者間之權利義務關係能夠更為明確，並使人體組織來源者得到較充分的保障。

關鍵字

人體組織 ； 基因 ； 後基因體時代

並列摘要

Because of the flourishing development of biomedical research, the human being obtains the unprecedented knowledge and ability about life control. This development not only brings us new hopes of health care, but also makes the biomedical industry become the sunrise industry. In spite of the bright future, however, the development of biomedical research, especially the research about human, also influences the ethical, legal and social systems nowadays and has induced many controversial issues. As an important source material of biomedical research, human tissue has become a special object because of its importance of biomedical research, potential economic value and relation to provider. The speciality makes it difficult to determine which kinds of rights should the human tissue provider own.
To solve the question, this thesis would analyze two American judgments and the debates arise from them, and discuss the rationality and propriety of those opinions. Then this thesis would come back to discuss the legal problems about human tissue in Taiwan. To present what problems in current regulations and possible resolution, what claims might the human tissue provider have if the right on human tissue is property right or non-property right would be examined and the necessity of property right/ non-property right dichotomy would be discussed.
To make the right and duty between the human tissue provider and the human tissue user clear, this thesis would try to propose a property right/ non-property right dual protection model, and suggest the Congress should enact legislation to restructure property right part of human tissue.

並列關鍵字

human tissue ； gene ； post-genomic era

參考文獻

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