一個適用於無線感測網路的平均流量導引協定的設計與實作

Design and Implementation of a Load-Balanced Guiding Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

吳政翰(Cheng-Han Wu)

指導教授 ： 陳文村

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/資訊工程學系/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2007.00690

摘要

無線感測網路是指由一群具有感應功能、無線溝通能力和計算能力的嵌入式裝置所組成的網路。而導引服務是無線感測網路的主要應用之一。目前已有許多有關火場逃生的導引方法，這些方法導引人們避開火場並且使他們能安全的到達出口。但是這些方法共同的缺點就是他們並沒有考慮各個路徑上的人數，這些方法可能把過多的人導引至同一條路上而導致過多的人擁塞在這條路上。我們提出一個可以根據人在環境中分佈的狀況做最佳導引的方法。我們的方法可以有效地將危險環境中的人們均勻地分散至各個出口。我們利用potential的觀念來建立導引路徑。每一個感測點會有一個potential值，而這個值可以代表各個區域擁塞的程度和到最近出口的距離。導引路徑便是沿者擁有高potential的感測點到擁有低的potential的感測點而建立。實驗結果證明我們的方法能大幅改善傳統方法的導引時間並均勻地將所有的人分散至各個出口。模擬的結果顯示我們的方法能大幅縮短導引的時間，並且均勻分散每個節點的流量，而這個環境中的流量更是能
被平均地被導向各個出口。

關鍵字

無線感測網路 ； 導引 ； 無線網路

並列摘要

One of the major applications of wireless sensor networks is guiding navigation service with its goal to assist moving objects in leaving a hazardous region safely and quickly. In this thesis, we propose a distributed guiding navigation protocol that can guide moving objects to multiple exits with load balancing among multiple navigation paths to the exits. With the assistances of sensor nodes, moving objects are guided to different navigation paths so that they can move to exits as soon as possible without causing congestion. In some traditional navigation algorithms, a sensor may select a wrong guiding direction when an information-updating packet has not updated the whole network. Hence, the guiding direction of the sensor may oscillate in a short time and moving objects will confuse with this phenomenon, called direction oscillation problem. This problem will be eliminated in our proposed protocol. Simulation results indicate that our protocol can guide moving objects to exits in shorter time and solve the direction oscillation problem effectively. We also evaluate our approach through a prototype implementation over real testbeds.

參考文獻

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