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  • 學位論文

《莊子》的「理想人物問答體」

“Dialogues for the Ideal Figure” in Zhuangzi

指導教授 : 楊儒賓

摘要


摘要 本書研究《莊子》語言哲學及其敘述結構的相應關係,認為〈寓言〉的「卮言」理論,提供了《莊子》語言哲學的動力來源,而《莊子》書中「理想人物」的「詮釋主題」,則往往透過「詮釋者」的觀點,才得以呈顯出來。由於《莊子》書中存在著大量討論「理想人物」的問答與對話,藉由分析「理想人物問答體」的人物形象,本書發現:《莊子》往往運用一種特殊的「弔詭—卮言」敘述,作為闡述、抉發義理的基本模式。有趣的是,最常出現在《莊子》「弔詭—卮言」對話敘述樞紐的人物形象,竟然是素來以為被《莊子》「詆訿」的孔子。 本書的論述結構,即相應於筆者對《莊子》語言哲學及其敘述結構關係的思考歷程,依序開展為正文的四個論述階段:1、歸納與分析《莊子》「理想人物問答體」的材料;2、推敲詮釋者的「問題視域」,對於「問答」、「對話」的過程究竟有何影響;3、論證《莊子》「弔詭—卮言」的語言結構,最終體現了問答雙方揭露、開啟世界經驗的真實存在的完整經過;4、從佔據《莊子》「弔詭—卮言」論述核心的孔子、黃帝形象,解釋《莊子》的人物與道的關係。 《莊子》既然大量創造、化用新的語言辭彙及文學形象,並且為此撰寫一篇〈寓言〉,以詳細講述用言的方法與意義,《莊子》必然不會忽視語言的正面涵義,甚至在內篇的〈齊物論〉,也可覓得莊子積極用言的文本內在理據。本書之研究,因而留心於《莊子》豐富的語言世界,嘗試從中抉發莊子哲學深刻的思想義蘊。 關鍵字:《莊子》 理想人物 問答體 「弔詭―卮言」 孔子 黃帝

關鍵字

莊子 理想人物 問答體 弔詭―卮言 孔子 黃帝

並列摘要


Abstract This thesis makes a study of the corresponding relationship between Zhuangzi‘s linguistic philosophy and narrative structure. I suppose the theory of “goblet words,” which is from Chapter 27 of Zhuangzi, as the power to make Zhuangzi‘s linguistic philosophy possible, and press on the role of the interpreter of “the ideal figure,” by whom we could realize what “the ideal figure” really counts. Due to considerable quantities of dialogues for “the ideal figure” existing in Zhuangzi, I add up and analyze the figures in “Dialogues for the Ideal Figure.” As a result, I find a specifically narrative mode in Zhuangzi: “paradox-goblet words”, which is used as the way to elucidate and elaborate Zhuangzi’s thoughts. What’s even more interesting is that Confucius, used to be considered as a clown in Zhuangzi, is the one most frequently appearing in the hub of Zhuangzi‘s narrative mode: “paradox-goblet words.” Therefore, I use this thesis to show my thinking progress upon the corresponding relationship between Zhuangzi‘s linguistic philosophy and narrative structure. First, add up and analyze the statistics of “Dialogues for the Ideal Figures.” Second, think over how “horizon of the question” of the interpreter would influence upon dialogues’ process and effect. Third, demonstrate that “paradox-goblet words,” the linguistic structure of Zhuangzi, represent the entire course for interlocutors to uncover the truth and to show the significance of life-world. Fourth, use the figures of Confucius and Yellow Emperor, who dwell in the hub of Zhuangzi‘s “paradox-goblet words”, to explain the relationship between man and Dao in Zhuangzi. Since we could find not only a large number of innovative words and figures but also an article, “Yuyan,” to spell out the usage of words in Zhuangzi, we should take Zhuangzi‘s linguistic philosophy more seriously. For this reason, I make this thesis to study on the relationship between Zhuangzi‘s linguistic philosophy and narrative structure, hereby to uncover the significance of Zhuangzi’s thoughts. Keywords: Zhuangzi, the ideal figure, dialogues, “paradox-goblet words”, Confucius, Yellow Emperor

參考文獻


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