臺灣客家話「來」、「去」非趨向語意研究

On the Non-directional Uses of loi5 ‘come’ and hi3 ‘go’ in Taiwanese Hakka

徐珮心(Pei-Sin Syu)

指導教授 ： 葉瑞娟

國立清華大學/竹師教育學院/臺灣語言研究與教學研究所/碩士(2018年)

摘要

趨向動詞「來」、「去」本為以說話者為出發點，做向心位移與離心位移；也可以用在動補結構之後，成為指示詞；但是在臺灣客家話中有部分位於動詞詞組（包含動賓、動補、動詞+時段/時貌）後的「來」、「去」不具有趨向語意，這樣的情況也未見於臺灣閩南語和華語，引起本文的研究動機。我們利用語料庫收集並分析臺灣客家話「來」、「去」分布於「動詞+X+來」和「動詞+X+去」在結構中的表現。分析之後發現「V(+X)+來/去+NP(處所詞)」經由「目標就是位移終點」的隱喻，產生「V(+X)+來/去+VP」的結構，語法化促使重新分析，原本的趨向補語「來/去」轉變成「目的標記」；除了上述變化之外，非趨向的「去」本身有一個異於「來」的發展，即「V+時段/時貌+去」的結構，經由「狀態改變就是位移」的隱喻，「去」轉變為「狀態標記」。

關鍵字

來 ； 去 ； 臺灣客家話 ； 指示詞 ； 語法化

並列摘要

As deictic words, Hakka motion verbs loi5 ‘come’ and hi3 ‘go’ both take the speaker as the deictic center, denoting ‘moving to the speaker’ and ‘moving away from the speaker’, respectively. In addition to the verbal use, loi5 and hi3 may also function as a complement in the verb-complement compounds. One noticeable feature of these two words is that they may convey a non-deictic sense when they follow a verb-object compound, a verb-complement compound, or a verb-phase/aspect construction. These uses are not attested in Taiwanese Southern Min and Taiwan Mandarin and hence raise interesting research questions of where and how these uses came from. Based on the authentic data gleaned from corpus, this thesis explores the non-deictic uses of loi5 and hi3 in the V+X+ loi5 and V+X+hi3 constructions. We propose that the V(+X)+ loi5/hi3+VP construction derived from the V(+X)+ loi5/hi3+NPlocative construction via the metaphor PURPOSES ARE DESTINATIONS (i.e., goals of movement). Reanalysis of the directional complement loi5/hi3 as a purpose marker was triggered in the process of grammaticalization. Different from loi5, hi3 has also changed from a deictic complement to a state marker in the V+phase/aspect+hi3 construction through the CHANGE OF STATE IS CHANGE OF LOCATION metaphor.

並列關鍵字

loi5 ‘come’ ； hi3 ‘go’ ； Taiwanese Hakka ； deictic words ； grammaticalization

參考文獻

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