社會資本與災後韌性： 九二一震後集合住宅重建之動員、組織與分歧

本研究以災難社會學中核心概念韌性為出發點，關注社會資本在災後重建中與韌性的關係，沿用了三種社會資本的分析架構，分別是牽絆式（bonding）、橫跨式（bridging）、縱連式（linking）三個面向，認為社會資本作為準公共財，在災後重建中起着正面的推動作用；同時，社會資本也有負外部性的影響，指團體的緊密聯繫雖有助於自身重建，但卻可能損害其他團體的利益，反而影響了整體重建進。本文以台灣921震後集合住宅重建為個例，利用1999至2013年的村里數據、921地震相關文獻中的住宅數據和研究者自聯合新聞資料庫中搜尋和編碼的數據合併成面版數據，透過迴歸模型探討社會資本在集合住宅在重建過程中作為韌性的分析變項。研究結果顯示，各受災社區大樓的組織活動，如組織更新會和受災聯盟的新聞數越多，越有效提高重建成功的機會；而政治人物勘查受災社區大樓的新聞數越多，亦有效地提高重建成功的機會，但只有縣市長、立委層級的政治人物勘查能有明顯作用。此外，本文發現與既有921震後住宅研究與討論符合，在921震後集合住宅重建個案中，九二一基金會的補助作為外力介入因素，是集合住宅重建的重要成因，不過，在即使在忽略了基金會的外力介入條件下，社會資本作為災民間信任和互動的準公共財作用依然為重建成功發揮顯着幫助。

關鍵字

社會資本；韌性；災後住宅重建；災難； 921地震

並列摘要

Resilience is an important concept in the Sociology of Disaster, and plays a key role in post-disaster recovery. Recent trends in Sociology of Disaster have led to a proliferation of studies that consider social capital as observations of resilience. Little is known about the impact of social capital on post-disaster recovery. Housing reconstruction is a major area of interest within the field post-earthquake recovery. The aim of this essay is to explore the relationship between social capital and housing reconstruction in post-921 earthquake recovery. Social capital, seen as a form of capital that produces public goods for a common, is associated with increased positive effect of recovery. However, group solidarity in communities is often purchased at the price of hostility toward out-group members. It is very important when measuring social capital to consider both of positive and negative externalities. This study uses the analysis frame recognized by existing researches that social capital can be classified into three types: bonding, bridging and linking. It also argues the three types would affect the housing reconstruction. To outline these impacts in greater details, this paper is a case study of 921 earthquake housing reconstruction. Data for the study were collected from UDN (United Daily News) Data, the database of 921 earthquake recovery in Taiwan and the publications of 921 Earthquake Relief Foundation. Statistical results show a positive correlation between the predictive value of reconstruction completed and social capital. Organized social activity and political visitation have a positive effect on housing reconstruction. In sum, this finding broadly supports the work of other studies in this area related to social capital with resilience. Although extensive research concentrated on the advantageous influence of 921 reconstruction allowance. This research has also shown that social capital can play an important role in addressing the issue of post-disaster recovery.