「家屋」是海市蜃樓還是柳暗花明？： 四川嘉絨藏人的語言與社會組織

“House”, Illusion or Illumination?: The Social Organization and Language of Sichuan rGyalrong Tibetan

王廷宇(Wang, Tingyu)

指導教授 ： 陳中民 ； 魏捷茲

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/人類學研究所/博士(2018年)

摘要

本論文從四川西北四土地區嘉絨藏人的家屋出發，藉由歷史、親屬與聯姻等面向的民族誌，描述從二十世紀至今四土嘉絨藏人如何在漢藏之間的邊區社會脈絡下組織並再生產其社會。四土嘉絨家屋不只體現了一種社會分類而已，也呈現出一種語言分類。從理論意義來說，無論是家屋作為社會政治經濟單位，或是家屋體現了他們的社會語言分類，這些嘉絨家屋混合性的特色，都擴充了Lévi-Strauss 提出的「家屋社會」理論之討論。儘管四土嘉絨家屋作為政治經濟單位的一面，隨著土司制度的消失而在1962年以後也逐漸淡出四土社會；不過，家屋作為結合社會與語言分類的社會單位意義，仍舊跟隨著過去土司時期建立起來的機制，一層一層的將四土嘉絨人連結至當代的區域、民族、與國家認同。家屋社會單位的綿延與嘉絨藏人在中國土司制度的夾縫治理有一定的關聯，它建立起一個連結嘉絨個人至更大區域脈絡的機制。儘管帝國與土司早已不存在於現今的四土地區，不過他們的角色被現代國家、區域與族群認同取代，這個一層一層由下至上的機制依舊存在於當代嘉絨多重認同之中。

關鍵字

親屬 ； 語言 ； 分類 ； 家屋 ； 土司

並列摘要

This dissertation attempts to further kinship and cultural classification research by a history of the role of language as an active agent in social change among rGyalrong speakers in northwest Sichuan, China. In so doing, I describe the relationship named houses in that relationship between language and social organization across time. On the basis of that description, a critical reassessment is outlined for Lévi-Strauss’ theory of kinship in general and of house society in particular that will be developed across the later chapters of this dissertation. On the one hand, I find that Lévi-Strauss’ emphasis on what he terms the “objectification” of the house and all that this objectification entails deserves a second look insofar as it foregrounds a special sense of the materiality of the house rather than, for instance, the materiality of the human body. However, rGyalrong language and social organization did not and still does not exist within a political vacuum and thus tilts toward Lévi-Strauss’ discussion of house society, but by also taking in account of the native officialdoms of the rGyalrong region as set at a special geopolitical intersection.

並列關鍵字

kinship ； language ； classification ； house ； native officialdom

參考文獻

Biography

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