具切換式整流器前級之無位置感測永磁同步馬達驅動系統

POSITION SENSORLESS PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVE WITH SWITCH-MODE RECTIFIER FRONT-END

謝永信(Yung-Hsin Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2010.00547

摘要

本論文旨在開發一以數位訊號處理器為主具不同單相切換式整流器前級及無位置感測控制方法之永磁同步馬達驅動系統。首先建構一妥善控制之標準永磁同步馬達驅動系統，以做為研究測試平台，所建驅動系統由一些量測結果驗證其良好之操控特性。
接著發展三種單相切換式整流器，含非隔離標準升壓型切換式整流器、非隔離無橋式升壓切換式整流器、及基於電流注入推挽式轉換器之隔離型升壓切換式整流器。所設計之切換式整流器先於電阻負載下確認其有效性，再將其應用為所建構永磁同步馬達驅動系統之前級，前後兩級之所有全數位化控制均以一共同數位訊號處理器實現之。永磁同步馬達配備不同切換式整流器前級之性能比較評估將以一些實測結果為之。
最後，在探究既有常用永磁同步馬達無位置感測之控制技術後，開發一基於高頻訊號注入及一應用延伸反電動勢估測之無位置感測控制機構，並比較其啟動及運轉操控特性。基本上，高頻訊號注入無位置感測方式因具有接近零速附近之轉子絕對位置，故可在轉子靜止起從事向量控制及直接啟動。至於估測之延伸反電動勢法，在低速時所估得之反電動勢值不夠大，故先以同步馬達模式啟動之。此外，為了降低所建構無位置感測永磁同步馬達驅動系統之機械振動，應用隨機脈寬調變技術使馬達之相電流頻譜散亂均勻地分佈。

關鍵字

永磁同步馬達 ； 數位信號處理器 ； 切換式整流器 ； 電流注入推挽式轉換器 ； 無位置感測控制 ； 動態控制 ； 單方向啟動 ； 高頻訊號注入 ； 延伸反電動勢 ； 隨機脈寬調變 ； 振動

並列摘要

This thesis presents the development of a digital signal processor (DSP) based permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive powered by different kinds of front-end AC/DC converters and position sensorless control methods. For being a test platform, a standard PMSM drive with properly designed control schemes is first established, and its satisfactory operating performance is verified by some measured results.
Next, three types of single-phase switch-mode rectifiers (SMRs) are developed, these include a non-isolated standard boost SMR, a non-isolated bridgeless boost SMR and an isolated boost SMR based on current-fed push-pull converter cell. After confirming the effectiveness of the designed SMRs under resistive load, they are employed to serve as the front-end of PMSM drive. All the control schemes in the SMR-fed PMSM drives are fully digitally realized in a common DSP. Some experimental results are provided to perform the comparative evaluation between the PMSM drives equipped with different types of SMRs.
Finally, having reviewed some commonly used existing position sensorless control methods of PMSM drive, two sensorless control schemes based on high-frequency signal injection and observed extended-EMF are developed. And the comparative performance evaluation is made in their starting and running characteristics. Basically, the high-frequency signal injection based sensorless method can be directly started under vector control at standstill owing to the available observed absolute rotor position around zero speed. As to the observed extended-EMF based approach, since the observed back-EMF is insufficiently large at low speed, the starting via synchronous motor mode is unavoidable. In addition, for reducing the vibration of the established position sensorless PMSM drive, the random pulse width modulation (RPWM) is applied to randomize the phase winding current spectrum distribution.

並列關鍵字

Permanent-magnet synchronous motor ； DSP ； switch-mode rectifier ； current-fed push-pull converter ； sensorless control ； dynamic control ； unidirectional starting ； high-frequency signal injection ； extended-EMF ； random PWM switching ； vibration

參考文獻

A.Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive

Fundamentals of PMSMs

[2]P. C. Sen, Principle of Electric Machines and Power Electronics, 2nd ed. Canada: Wiley John & Sons, Inc., 1997.

[5]B. K. Bose, Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 2002.

[6]H. Murakami, Y. Honda, H. Kiriyama, S. Morimoto and Y. Takeda, “The performance comparison of SPMSM, IPMSM and SynRM in use as air-conditioning compressor,” Conf. Rec. IEEE IAS, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 840-845.