- 學位論文
大學系所如何回應創業型大學的興起?巴斯德導向為觀點
How do University Departments Respond to the Rise of Entrepreneurial University? A Pasteurian Orientation Perspective
摘要
在長期體制、社會與經濟的演進下，大學已朝向「科學-經濟」的架構發展，延續大學對於科普知識的創造、傳播的貢獻，並延伸知識商業化活動，加強大學對於社會與經濟貢獻的「創業型大學」發展現象，成為許多大學發展的目標。然而，大學系所作為最核心的發展組織，面對於大學體制、組織、學門等因素影響，目前對於大學系所要如何建構一個複合的組織發展支持其發展的研究仍然相當少。因此，本研究結合Stokes (1997)的巴斯德象限模型(Pasteur’s quadrant)與組織雙元(Organizational ambidexterity)構念發展一新組織發展傾向「巴斯德導向(Pasteurian orientation)」。透過台灣6所大學99個系所，共634份有效問卷收集，進行大學前置因子-巴斯德導向-系所績效關係衡量。研究結果顯示，大學建構差異化任務架構與增加組織彈性有助於大學系所朝向巴斯德導向發展。再者，大學系所發展巴斯德導向有助於提升系所主觀發展績效、期刊文章發表與專利獲證活動。然而，研究結果亦顯示大學提供良好發展前置因子確實有助於系所主觀發展績效提升，但必須配合系所「巴斯德導向」發展；換言之，大學系所的巴斯德導向發展是回應創業型大學發展的重要關鍵，巴斯德導向的組織發展有助於系所同時維持既有的大學任務與延伸至新的知識商業化活動。本研究除提供大學系所發展重要的實證研究之外，整合前置因子、組織與個人的衡量架構，對「創業型大學」發展現象研究能有更深入的探討。
並列摘要
This study focuses on the development of university departments which is triggered by the appearance of entrepreneurial university, a phenomenon in the long-term institutional evolution on the policy, economy, and society. The literature suggests that universities have adapted various responses from institutions to individuals by building a hybrid framework for knowledge production. This framework could sustainably increase scientific commons and simultaneously enforce industry linkage. However, explanations describing the responses of university departments are very few. The explanations have to consider the changes not only on organizational development but also on the rationale of university research. In an attempt to address this issue, this study develops an organizational perspective, ‘Pasteurian orientation’, which is employed Stokes (1997)’s Pasteur’s quadrant as a conceptual model. The relationships between university antecedents, Pasteurian orientation, and departmental performance are examined. Based on a postal questionnaire survey, a dataset of 99 departments from 6 universities in Taiwan is collected and analyzed by OLS regressions, negative binomial regressions and causal mediation analysis. Findings indicate that the development of Pasteurian orientation has a strong linkage with the antecedents provided by the university, and developing a Pasteurian orientation is beneficial for promoting departmental subjective performance, journal publications and patents. For university administration, besides of providing appropriate antecedents, encouraging departments to develop Pasteurian orientation is a key factor for promoting departmental performance in the rise of entrepreneurial university.