以氣相層析同位素比質譜儀追踪有機溶劑與甲基安非他命來源

Tracing the origin of organic solvents and illicit methamphetamine using GC-IRMS

楊家懿(Chia-Yi Yang)

指導教授 ： 凌永健

國立清華大學/理學院/化學系/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2008.00355

摘要

傳統環境鑑識科學以化學指紋法作為環境有機溶劑污染物來源追踪之依據，但當污染物組成相似，化學指紋法將不足以判斷其來源；而在藥物鑑識科學中主要以不純物分析作為甲基安非他命來源追踪之依據，但當甲基安非他命樣品純度高，不純物分析結果將不足以判斷其來源。均突顯出以其他分析技術進行有機溶劑和甲基安非他命來源追踪之重要性。
本研究以化合物別同位素分析技術應用於有機溶劑和甲基安非他命來源追踪之研究，使用氣相層析同位素比質譜儀進行同位素比分析，提供有別於傳統分析方法之結果進行有機溶劑與甲基安非他命來源比對與追踪。
有機溶劑依原料來源與製程不同，而有不同的碳同位素比分布範圍，可作為有機溶劑來源追踪之依據。本研究先建立79件有機溶劑碳同位素比之資料庫，並分析33件廢溶劑樣品中代表性溶劑成分之碳同位素比，再與資料庫進行比對，其中二氯甲烷、甲苯、乙酸乙酯和異丙酮均有比對出來源關聯性高之溶劑廠牌來源，廢溶劑樣品也互相比對出來源關聯性高之樣品。
甲基安非他命依前驅物來源與合成路徑的不同，而有右旋和消旋的甲基安非他命之別、含有不同的不純物成分以及不同的碳、氮同位素比分布範圍，可作為追踪甲基安非他命之前驅物來源與合成路徑之依據。本研究針對3件自行合成與25件查扣甲基安非他命樣品進行熔點、不純物和碳、氮同位素比分析，探討甲基安非他命與其前驅物之關聯性，並進行樣品比對以追踪來源。

關鍵字

氣相層析同位素比質譜儀 ； 有機溶劑 ； 甲基安非他命 ； 來源追踪

並列摘要

Environmental forensics traditionally used chemical fingerprint to trace the origin of organic solvent pollutants. It fails to identify their origins when the chemical compositions of pollutants are the same. Similarly, drug forensics used impurity analysis to trace the origin of illicit methamphetamine(MA) samples. It also fails to differentiate their origins when MA samples are very pure. Both cases show that it is important to utilize other analytical technique for origin tracing. This study uses compound specific isotope analysis(CSIA) based on gas chromatograph/isotope ratio mass spectrometer(GC/IRMS) to trace the origin of organic solvents and illicit MA samples.
The range of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios(□13C &□□15N) in organic solvents depend on their origins and manufacturing process, which could be expedited to trace the origin of organic solvents. In this study, the □13C database of 79 organic solvents was established first. The □13C of organic solvent components in 33 industrial waste were analyzed later and compared to the database for revealing the correlation between industrial waste and database source. Solvents in industrial waste, such as dichloromethane, toluene, ethyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol, were found to correlate with certain brand solvents in the database. Furthermore, certain industrial waste samples were also found to possess correlations.
The distinctions in d-form & dl-form, impurity components, and □13C &□□15N of MA depended on the precursor source and synthetic methods. These distinctions could thus be utilized to identify the origin of illicit MA samples and the synthetic route of MA. In this study, 3 synthetic MA samples and 25 seized MA samples were analyzed, including melting point measurement, impurity analysis, and □13C &□□15N analysis to identify the correlation between MA samples and their precursor. Furthermore, all MA samples were subjected to statistically analysis for tracing their origin.

並列關鍵字

GC/IRMS ； Organic solvent ； Methamphetamine ； origin tracing

參考文獻

2. 凌永健; 徐明聖; 邵震茹; 殷裕勝; 楊家懿, 氣相層析同位素比質譜儀的原理與應用. 科儀新知 2006, 153, 70-86.

44. 行政院衛生署, 藥物濫用案件暨檢驗統計資料. 2008.

3. Richling, E.; Preston, C.; Kavvadias, D.; Kahle, K.; Heppel, C.; Hummel, S.; Konig, T.; Schreier, P., Determination of the H-2/H-1 and N-15/N-14 ratios of alkylpyrazines from coffee beans (Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora var. robusta) by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53, (20), 7925-7930.

4. Jung, J. C.; Sewenig, S.; Hener, U.; Mosandl, A., Comprehensive authenticity assessment of lavender oils using multielement/multicomponent isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis and enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. European Food Research and Technology 2005, 220, (2), 232-237.

5. Kelly, S.; Heaton, K.; Hoogewerff, J., Tracing the geographical origin of food: The application of multi-element and multi-isotope analysis. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2005, 16, (12), 555-567.