人工搬運作業之動態評估與運動學分析

HASH(0x1b834140)

邱珮鈴(HASH(0x1b834320))

指導教授 ： 王茂駿

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2008.00396

摘要

摘要
儘管自動化的生產方式已經普遍存在於現今產業製造中，但是一些工作仍須仰賴人力，以汽車組裝線而言，徒手人工物料搬運仍是常見且重要的現場工作行為，本研究透過動作擷取系統對搬運作業進行運動分析，能發覺潛在的不當工作設計與動作姿勢對人員造成的危害與風險。
實驗以現場觀察搬運作業情形，決定重要的因子水準，包括(1)搬運重量:7公斤與14公斤(2)終點放置高度:相對膝高、肘高與肩高(3)搬運物料箱型:大箱與小箱，共三因子12個實驗組合，12位男性受試者進行重複實驗，以動作擷取系統(motion capture)、肌電訊號儀(EMG)與主觀不舒適度問卷分析各實驗組合對人體關節動作、肌肉活動度以及身體不舒適程度產生的影響與相互關係。
研究結果顯示，對步態時間與空間參數而言，重量因子顯著影響步速、步頻、步態週期時間與站立期擺盪期比值，箱型因子顯著影響步長、步態週期時間與站立期擺盪期比值；關節活動度而言，重量顯著影響膝關節最大彎曲角度、肘關節屈伸角度範圍，高度因子顯著影響髖關節前後傾角度、肘關節活動各變項，箱型因子影響膝關節彎曲最大最小值以及肘關節活動各變項，對肌肉活動度而言，重量與高度因子皆顯著影響MVC%值，14公斤重者肌肉活動度與主觀不舒適程度皆較7公斤者高，箱型因子雖無明顯影響肌肉活動度，但是在主觀不舒適程度上卻明顯影響上肢與背部，終點放置高度應設在肘高附近為佳。
以本研究人體真實動作和關鍵動態資料為基礎建立的數位人模型，有助於在虛擬環境中對不同工作性質、環境因素、連續性搬運作業的動作模擬，更能呈現實際情況。

關鍵字

物料搬運作業 ； 人體運動分析 ； 步態 ； 數位人模型

並列摘要

Abstract
Although the automatic manufacturing technique is broadly adopted by modern manufacturing industry, manual materials handling task is still necessary. This study aims to evaluate the potential risk from inappropriate MMH task design and working posture, and determine the effects and correlations among human movement, muscle activity and body discomfort rating.
For the experiment design, an experiment with 12 heath male subjects was conducted. The experimental factors include (1) carrying load weight: 7kg and 14kg (2) shelf height: knee height, elbow height and shoulder height (3) box size: big size and small size. The response variables are (1) gait parameters in time and space, (2) joint motion for the kinetic and kinematics analysis, (3) muscle activity levels with EMG, (4) subjective body part discomfort rating.
The results indicate that weight factor had significantly effect on gait speed, steps per minute, gait cycle time, the ratio of stance time and swing time, maximal flexion angle of knee joint and the range of motion(ROM) of elbow joint. Shelf height had significantly effects on hip flexion and elbow ROM. Box size factor had significantly effect on stride length, gait cycle time, the ratio of stance time and swing time, knee joint elbow ROM. For the muscle activity levels with EMG, load weight and shelf height both affected the %MVC significantly. When the subjects carrying a load of 14kg, the muscle activity and the subjective body part discomfort rating are both higher than that of 7kg. The box size had effect on the body part discomfort rating of upper extremity and back. For the kinetic and kinematics analysis, the shelf height around elbow height was better than the other two height levels.
The finding of this study can be used to generate digital human model motion based on real human motion data and key frame information. Thus, the MMH task simulation in virtual reality environment can represent the actual situation.

並列關鍵字

manual material handling ； human movement analysis ； gait ； digital human modeling

參考文獻

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