- 學位論文
基於二層次之群眾情緒感染模擬法
Two Layers Simulation for Crowd Behaviors with Emotional Contagion
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摘要
近年來，隨著電腦硬體技術的快速增長，3D電腦動畫的應用慢慢地日漸普及，也越來越多的人力、物力投入了3D電腦動畫產業。從近年發行琳瑯滿目的動畫中，不難看出這些電影、遊戲運用了大量的群體特效，除了能製作出許多現實無法製造的大場景以外，也能節省許多製作成本，擺脫傳統純粹人工動畫的費時製程。 以相當知名的電影「魔戒」系列為例，就有其製作公司專門的客製化軟體「Massive」來進行動畫特效的設計。「Massive」即為一種依據人工智慧技術所創造的群眾模擬工具，藉由此工具可創造出一批有智慧的人群，使群體中的單一個體產生複雜且不同的個別動作，但是仍具有群體的整體感。 本論文旨在以電腦動畫模擬群體行為中常見的情□感染行為現象，並且自心理學、社會學及群眾學相關理論，以了解情緒感染的理論與成因。所謂的情緒感染，乃是個體受他人影響，改變自己的情緒，當達到情緒的閥值時，會造成個體行為的產生，最終造成群體裡情緒傳遞與行為模仿的現象。Le bon提出了他的情緒感染理論，本論文也參考其理論與Gratch和Marsella及前人的情緒模型，提出一套適用於模擬群體情緒感染行為的模型與流程。 基於上述的情緒理論模型，本論文模型又分為二個層次做探討：情緒表現層、行為表現層。在情緒表現層，本論文借助細胞自動機(Cellular Automata)的運算規則，建構出群體中單一細胞受其他鄰居細胞影響的方式；在行為表現層則將這些因情緒產生而會模仿周圍鄰居動作行為呈現出來，以其模擬出更為生動的群體動畫效果。
並列摘要
In recent years, with the fast growth of computer technology, both in hardware and software, the applications of the 3D computer animation have become increasingly wild spread. As more and more resources have put into the 3D animations, the need of crowd simulation software becomes evident. A crowd simulation software can produce a group of intelligent characters to demonstrate certain crowd behaviors according to embedding rules. Therefore it not only can save the productions cost but also produce gigantic virtual crowd that are impossible to have in real world. For example, the famous film “Ring of Lord” has used the crowd simulation software “Massive” during their production process. In this study, we focus on simulating crowd behavior with emotional contagion for computer animations. By exploiting the contagion theories from psychology, sociology, and the study of popular crowd mind as our base knowledge, we propose a novel computation model for simulating emotional contagion. We combined Le Bon’s theory and Gratch and Marsella’s model to form the basis of our computational structure. The proposed emotion contagion model is composed of two layers: the layer of emotion expression and the layer of behavior expression. In the first layer, we use cellular automata to build the relationship of cells. Then, we display the contagion behaviors among neighbors in the second layer. Some empirical examples are given to show the effectiveness of t our approach, that is, it can simulate many different kinds of contagion group behaviors.
參考文獻
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1. 簡馨妤 Hsin-Yu Chien “群體情緒感染行為之電腦動畫Computer Animation of Group Behavior with Emotional Contagion”, in: Conference on Computer Graphics Workshop, CGW 2007.
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