應用於消防及緊急逃生之照明光學系統設計

Optical System Design for Fire Fighting and Emergency Evacuation

廖榮皇(Jung-Huang Liao)

指導教授 ： 蕭德瑛

國立清華大學/工學院/動力機械工程學系/博士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2012.00176

摘要

在消防滅火任務中，光及水通常為最典型且重要的需求；然而，從傳統消防設備的相關設計及研究中卻缺乏能夠整合光及水相互關係的元素。因此本研究對光線造成散射的煙霧以及水霧粒子進行討論並發展出在漆黑火場中較佳設計的照明。而在一般的思維中，提供黑暗環境照明的能量來源主要來自於電池或是公共電力系統，此思維無疑隱藏了產品在系統複雜度、高成本、維護能力、功能不足以及人因考量上的挑戰。本研究發展出一套能夠利用微型渦輪發電機在水線管路中進行能源擷取的系統；其大部分的水量為提供滅火所需，而被擷取的較少水量所產生的電力將用於LED的照明以及雷射指引功能。其提供了一個共生性設計，能夠充分利用周遭環境的資源滿足應用場域上的需求，而不需要額外的能源輸入以及人力上的付出。
消防瞄子燈(Nozzle Light)提供了消防員一個具有共生性設計的功能，使其能夠同時在撒水滅火時，同步對於漆黑的火場進行照明。消防瞄子燈的確改善了滅火的效率以及消防人員的安全。而在緊急照明或指示燈裝置不足或故障的情況下，與自動撒水頭結合在一起的消防撒水燈（Sprinkler Light），將能利用火場煙霧產生散射效應的雷射光束進行逃生指引，其將大幅提昇受困火場中民眾的逃生及生存機率。

關鍵字

消防 ； 能源擷取 ； 發光二極體 ； 照明 ； 逃生

並列摘要

Light and water are typically-important needs in a fire safety and fire-fighting task. However, the traditional designs and studies of relative apparatuses are lack of elements which integrate the interactions of light and water. In this study, the smoke and the water particles which scatter the light are discussed to develop a better design of the illumination in dark fire scenes. In general thinking, battery and utility-wires are the primary options of powering the needed illumination in dark scenes. The old thinking hides the challenges of complexity, high cost, maintenance, insufficient functions, and ergonomics of products. We develop a device that harvests a portion of the hydropower in the water passing through a pipe to drive a micro-turbine alternator and generate electrical power. The water is used to extinguish a fire. The electricity thus generated powers LEDs and laser. Herein, this study provides a synergistic design which takes advantage of the ambient resources sufficiently to supply the demands of the field without extra inputs of energy and people’s efforts.
A Nozzle Light provides firefighters with a synergistic function, enabling the user to simultaneously spray water and illuminate the fire scene without requiring additional effort to handle the lighting unit. The Nozzle Light improves both fire-extinguishing efficiency and firefighter safety. And the Sprinkler Light using the scattering effect of laser with particles is integrated with the automatic sprinkler; it is proposed to solve the problem of fire evacuation when there are inadequate or faulty emergency lights or indicators. It is believed that with the development of this study, the possibility of survival and the chance for rescue are increased.

並列關鍵字

Fire Fighting ； Energy Harvest ； LED ； Illumination ； Evacuation

參考文獻

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