- 學位論文
冷戰時期台灣主體意識的形成（1960-1972）：葛智超、彭明敏、陳映真
Formations of Taiwanese Subject Consciousness during the Cold War (1960-1972):George Kerr, Peng Mingmin, and Chen Yingzhen
摘要
本論文探討一九六０年代，台灣主體意識的形成如何受美國及冷戰影響。今日大多數研究主要在台灣殖民史脈絡裡討論主體意識，並將之塑造為國族意識，以對抗中國文化或中國民族主義的影響。但這樣的論述不但使台灣主體意識喪失介入社會和歷史問題的能動力，另一方面，也低估冷戰二元意識型態及美國角色的歷史意義。因此，我認為對主體意識的理解，不應忽略冷戰在亞洲的支配位置，同時也必須對台灣社會裡的殖民記憶、美國影響、中國遺產進行脈絡化的工作。 一九六０年代及一九七０年代早期是台灣社會結構開始轉型的年代，而論文則針對創作於此時期的三部份文本進行分析：文本分別是葛智超《被出賣的台灣》、彭明敏《自由的滋味》，以及陳映真的〈鄉村的教師〉和〈最後的夏日〉。這些文本皆有意識地探討六０年代的台灣主體意識以及台美關係，並呈現出不同文化位置對於台灣歷史及美國角色的不同想像。本論文探討意識型態在文本中被呈現的方式，以及其背後所調動的想像資源。藉由並陳這三個不同的文化位置，並使之相互對話，本論文企圖呈現美國及冷戰加諸於台灣主體意識形成過程的張力和複雜性。同時，論文嘗試提供一種不同的語言，以理解台灣主體意識如何在歷史銜接處被激盪出來。在關注政治意識型態的文學性之餘，本論文透過對這些文本的歷史性分析，也企圖探討台灣主體意識是否可能作為一個超克分斷的起點，以重新反思冷戰及美國在亞洲的霸權。
並列摘要
This thesis investigates the formation of Taiwanese subject consciousness under the influence of America and the Cold War during the 1960s. Today, subject consciousness has been discussed primarily in the context of Taiwanese colonial history as a national consciousness in resistance to the influence of Chinese culture or Chinese nationalism. But this nationalist view, on one hand, freezes the agency of subject consciousness in intervening in social and historical processes; on the other hand, it also overlooks the influence of the binary Cold War ideology created by the U.S. For this reason, I contend that Taiwanese subject consciousness cannot be properly understood without seeing the domination of the Cold War and that the contextualization of the Japanese colonial memories, the U.S. influence, and Chinese heritage in Taiwanese society is necessary for liberating Taiwanese subject consciousness from the national perspective. In this thesis, I focus on three different texts which were composed during the 1960s and the early 1970s when the social structure in Taiwan began to change. These texts— George Kerr’s Formosa Betrayed, Peng Ming-min’s A Taste of Freedom, and Chen Yingzhen’s short stories, “The Country Village Teacher” and “The Last Day to Summer”— discuss Taiwanese subject consciousness and the Taiwan-U.S. relations in the 1960sto probe into the different cultural positions in imaging Taiwan’s history and the role of America. This thesis concentrates on the political ideologies in these texts, by asking how these ideologies are represented, and what imaginations they provoked to justify their claims. By putting these three positions in conversation with each other, I attempt to manifest the tension and complexity that America imposes on the formation of Taiwanese subject consciousness. Also, this thesis attempts to provide a different set of analytic language to understand Taiwanese subject consciousness as created during the Cold War. Through a historically grounded analysis of these texts, while remaining attentive to the “literary qualities” of their political ideologies, the thesis also suggests the possibility that an examination of Taiwanese subject consciousness can serve as a starting point not only for overcoming the division of China and Taiwan as embedded in the Cold War structure but also for understanding America as a Cold War empire that took Asia as its prey.