貝克特的文學終局:《莫洛伊》、 《馬龍逝世》、《無以名狀》中的文學與死亡

Beckett’s Literary Endgame: Death and Literature in Molloy, Malone Dies, and The Unnamable

陳思涵(Szu-Han Chen)

指導教授 ： 林宜莊

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/外國語文學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

在《莫洛伊》、《馬龍逝世》、《無以名狀》三部小說中，山繆貝克特描寫的不僅是人與這個世界的關係，也探討寫作者與文學之間的關係。將這三部小說與莫里思布朗肖的文學批評——尤其是<從怖慄到語言>、 <文學與死亡之權利>、 < 歐菲爾思的凝視>——對照研讀，我們發現寫作與死亡、虛無是息息相關的；而每當寫作者提筆，他總是必須面對寫作對他提出的、充滿矛盾的要求 (demand)，陷入那無話可說卻非得發言的拉鋸困境。

關鍵字

貝克特 ； 布朗肖 ； 死亡 ； 文學

並列摘要

In _Molloy_, _Malone Dies_, and _The Unnamable_, Samuel Beckett wrote not only of the relationship between man and the world he lives in, but also of the relationship between writer and literature. By reading the three novels alongside Maurice Blanchot’s literary essays, especially “From Anguish to Language”, “Literature and the Right to Death”, and “Orpheus’s Gaze”, we come to see how writing is inseparable from the idea of death and nothingness, and that when the writer writes, he is always struggling against the paradoxical demand of writing: of having nothing to say and yet feeling obliged to speak.

並列關鍵字

Beckett ； Blanchot ； death ； literature

參考文獻

—. The Work of Fire. Trans. Charlotte Mandell. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1995. Print. Critchley, Simon. Very Little ... Almost Nothing: Death, Philosophy, Literature. 1997. London:

and Noble, 2005. Print. Rilke, Rainer Maria. The Selected Poetry of Rainer Maria Rilke. Trans. Stephen Mitchell. New

Beckett, Samuel. The Complete Dramatic Works. 1986. London: Faber and Faber, 2006. Print. —. Complete Poems, 1930-1989. Richmond: John Calder, 1991. Print. —. The Complete Short Prose, 1929-1989. New York: Grove, 1995. Print. —. Disjecta: Miscellaneous Writings and A Dramatic Fragment. New York: Grove, 1984. Print. —. Three Novels: Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnamable. New York: Grove, 2009. Print. Blanchot, Maurice. Faux Pas. Trans. Charlotte Mandell. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2001. Print. —. The Space of Literature. Trans. Ann Smock. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1982. Print.

Routledge, 2004. Print. Graver, Lawrence, and Raymond Federman, eds. Samuel Beckett: The Critical Heritage. 1979.

London: Routledge, 1997. Print. Hesse, Hermann. Steppenwolf. 1929. New York: Picador, 1963. Print. Kafka, Franz. Diaries 1910-1923. New York: Schoken, 1976. Print. Plato. Essential Dialogues of Plato. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. Ed. Pedro de Blas. New York: Barnes