摘要
當緊急事故發生時，緊急中心會依通報內容派遣相應的緊急車輛(救護車、警車、消防車等等)，而完成緊急救援任務所需的時間便稱為緊急反應時間。緊急時間越短則傷患的存活率越高，因此如何能縮短緊急反應時間是相當重要的議題。緊急反應時間延遲主要是受到人為因素及交通情況的影響，人為因素部分:緊急中心任務分配流程皆依賴人為判斷而無法每次都做到最佳選擇；而交通部分:緊急車輛在路上行駛的時間會受到當前路況的影響，加上目前只用警鈴和警示燈通知鄰近車輛，在車況壅塞的情況下更大幅延宕緊急反應時間。大部分路徑規劃相關的研究僅針對普通車輛，未考量到緊急車輛特有道路優先權，因此所規劃出的路徑未必適合緊急車輛。有些研究利用集中式或分散式系統傳送緊急訊息通知道路上其他駕駛人，但僅能通知緊急車輛的出現而無法讓駕駛人做最恰當的反應。針對以上兩點主因，我們提出一個完整的緊急車輛派遣系統以達到減少緊急反應時間的目標。 本系統為一集中式系統，主要包含三大部分:緊急資源分配、緊急車輛路徑規劃以及緊急車輛路徑預留。當勤務中心接獲緊急通報後，根據通報內容確認所需要派遣的緊急車輛種類及數量，系統便自動在事故現場周遭選定最適當之緊急車輛派點，並同時利用即時交通資料與歷史交通資料為此緊急車輛規畫路徑。在緊急車輛依此路徑行駛時，中心利用佈建在各路段上裝置預先通知一般駕駛人，在緊急車輛抵達該路段前便預先疏通好道路以便緊急車輛能迅速並安全的通過。我們的系統能大幅減少緊急車輛行駛時間以及人為判斷可能產生之不必要疏失，使救援行動的成功率隨之提高。
並列摘要
When accidents or disasters happen, emergency response time is always crucial. Most procedures in the existing emergency vehicle dispatching systems rely heavily on manual assignments. In this paper, we propose a novel emergency vehicle dispatching system to reduce emergency response time, which includes automatic emergency resource assignment and driving path planning to reduce unnecessary time delay caused by human misjudgement or the delay caused by traffic jam. As the traffic condition varies from time to time, the traffic information employed in the proposed method needs to trace back to several weeks prior to the dispatching time. Furthermore, we also propose a lane reservation scheme for emergency vehicles to minimize the crash risks. Before an emergency vehicle arrives at each road segment, Road Side Units start to disseminate the warning message at suitable time, so that other drivers could have enough time to take proper actions such as speed acceleration or switching lanes. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can largely reduce the traveling time of emergency vehicles comparing to the shortest path approach with sirens and lights to alert other drivers. With the traveling time as well as emergency resource assignment time being reduced, the emergency rescue teams would gain edges in rescuing lives and property.