具電網至車輛及車輛至家庭操作能力之電動車永磁同步馬達驅動系統開發

Development of an Electric Vehicle Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Incorporating with Grid-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Home Operation Capabilities

陳正岳(Cheng-Yueh Chen)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2012.00625

摘要

本論文旨在開發一電動車無位置感測永磁同步馬達驅動系統，其兼具電網至車輛及車輛至家庭操作功能。所建馬達驅動系統之電力電路由一單臂雙向前級直流-直流轉換器及一變頻器組成。前者可於放電模式下，將蓄電池電壓提升建立較高電壓之直流鏈；以及由市電對蓄電池充電或回收馬達之在生煞車能量。兩級電力電路之所含數位控制均以一共同數位處理器實現之。
在路行馬達驅動模式下，妥善設計之標準永磁同步馬達驅動系統具有良好之操作性能，含啟動、加減速、動態及再生煞車等特性。此外，提升之直流鏈電壓、換相移位和弱磁等策略可進一步提升其於高速下之性能。避免使用偵測之轉子絕對位置，本論文亦開發一用於電動車之混合型無位置感測控制永磁同步驅動系統。於啟動及低速下，馬達先以高頻注入法操控；啟動達一定轉速後，再切換改採延伸型反電動勢無位置感測控制法。此無位置感測控制永磁同步馬達驅動系統兼具易於啟動及良好高速運轉性能。標準與無位置感測控制永磁同步馬達驅動系統之性能均以一些實測結果從事其性能比較評估。
在閒置狀態，所開發驅動系統之電力電路可重新安排以執行電網至車輛及車輛至家庭之電能傳送操作。對於前者，所形成之充電器，可由電網對電池充電，具有好之充電性能與入電電力品質。輸入之交流電壓可為60Hz 220V或110V。至於車輛至家庭之操作，所形成之單相三線變頻器，藉由適當之控制可輸出具良好波形品質之單相60Hz 220V/110V交流電壓。所構建永磁同步馬達驅動系統於各操作模式下之操控性能將以一些實測結果證實之。

關鍵字

永磁同步馬達 ； 無位置感測控制 ； 電動車 ； 電池 ； 雙向變頻器 ； 速度控制 ； 電壓控制 ； 電流控制 ； 充電控制 ； 功因矯正 ； 電網對車輛 ； 車輛對家庭

並列摘要

This thesis develops a sensorless permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive for electric vehicle (EV) having grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-home operation capabilities. The established power circuit consists of a one-lag bidirectional front-end DC/DC converter and a three-phase inverter. The former allows the battery to establish boosted DC-link voltage for the followed inverter in discharging, and to be charged from the mains or the motor during regenerative braking. All the control algorithms of both power stages are realized digitally using digital signal processor.
In road driving mode, the properly designed standard controlled PMSM drive possesses satisfactory operation performance, including starting, acceleration, dynamic and regenerative braking characteristics. In addition, the DC-link voltage boosting, commutation instant tuning and field weakening approaches can further enhance the performance under higher speeds. To avoid making the rotor absolute position sensing, this thesis is also motivated to develop a hybrid sensorless control PMSM drive for EV propulsion. In the developed control scheme, the motor is first started under high-frequency signal injection (HFI) sensorless control. Then the operation is changed to the one applying observed extended back electromotive force (EEMF) approach. The established sensorless controlled PMSM drive possesses the compromised performance of easy to start and good operation characteristics under high speeds. The comparative experimental performance evaluation of the PMSM drive with standard and sensorless controls are also conducted.
In idle condition, the power circuit of the developed PMSM drive can be rearranged to perform G2V and V2H operations. For the former case, an on-board charger is formed. It allows the battery be charged from mains with good charging performance and line drawn power quality. The AC line input voltage can be either 220V or 110V. As to the V2H operation, a single-phase three-wire (1P3W) inverter is constructed. The 60Hz 220V/110V AC output voltages with good waveform quality are generated from the battery via proper control. Some experimental results are provided to demonstrate the operation characteristics of the established PMSM drive under various operation modes.

並列關鍵字

permanent-magnet synchronous motor ； sensorless control ； electric vehicle ； battery ； bidirectional inverter ； speed control ； voltage control ； current control ； charging control ； power factor correction ； grid-to-vehicle ； vehicle-to-home

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