《南遊記》中的華光形象與寶物研究

Studies of the Image of Hua-Guang and Treasures of “The Journey to the South”

黃韻如(Yun-Ju Huang)

指導教授 ： 陳玨

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/中國文學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

明代神魔小說《南遊記》是一本非經典小說，經常被視為模擬抄襲經典作品《西遊記》，長期為研究者忽視。有鑑於此，本論文將透過《南遊記》研究，為小說史研究面向的不足略盡微薄之力。《南遊記》編者為明代書商余象斗，由於此書研究屈指可數，本論文的視野將集中在小說文本自身內在理路的探討，以證編者並非一味粗製濫造，編輯手法有其裁剪組織的意味。《南遊記》原名為《五顯靈官大帝華光天王傳》，是一部宗教神佛傳記小說，傳主華光天王蘊含了五顯、五通、馬元帥等複雜形象。因此，筆者擬從正統宗教與非正統宗教的文學形象二分法，進行小說文本的研究，以華光形象的梳理為主。《南遊記》屬於神魔小說文類，神魔兩方對立的鬥法情節，往往是此類小說情節的主要架構，但是，《南遊記》展現的多為華光與天界的相鬥，並且重視鬦寶情節的彰顯。寶物，成為鬥法的焦點，因此筆者受到物質文化研究方法的啟發，《南遊記》中的「寶物」在小說情節架構中的作用也成為主要探究對象。因此本文擬探討《南遊記》傳主華光在得寶與失寶情節之間，所展現的人物性格，以擴展文本自身理路的層次架構。經由本論文對小說文本的初步探討，筆者發現宗教中混雜正邪神身份的傳主華光天王，透過通俗文學作品的編排取捨，循著揚佛隱道的路線，正神及邪神形象的再現，以及對寶物的眷戀，將傳主華光天王轉變為活潑潑的文學形象。因此，筆者希冀透過本論文《南遊記》文本自身的內部探討，開啟對非經典作品更深層的思考，而非一味抹煞其價值，而是作更深入的分析。

關鍵字

南遊記 ； 華光 ； 人物形象 ； 寶物

並列摘要

“The Journey to the South”, a fantasy novel written in the Ming Dynasty, is not a classic work, and in general, usually regarded as an imitation of “The Journey to the West”, a classic work. It has long been overlooked by researchers, and this study aims at improving this situation.

Xiang-Dou Yu, a book dealer active in the Ming Dynasty, has been identified as the editor of this novel. Because there are only few studies for this novel around, this study will focus upon its inner contexts and constructions, and manage to prove that efforts and designs had been done by the editor, and the result is far from a mere imitation of a classic work.

Originally titled as “Biography of Hua-Guang, the Wu-Xian Ling-Guan Emperor”, “The Journey to the West” is a religious biographical novel. Emperor Hua-Guang, its protagonist, is assigned a multi-dimensional image consisting Wu-Xian God, Wu-Tong God, and Commander Ma. The dichotomy between the orthodox and the heterodox religions is adopted to analyze the multiple images of Hua-Guang and the texts of the novel.

Generally, in fantasy novels, duels between the Gods and the Evil Spirits dominate the plots. However, “The Journey to the South” is an exception: duels between Hua-Guang and the Heaven play an important role in it, and battles involving various treasures are hugely stressed.

Treasures are made the focus in the battles. Inspired by the methodology hired in material culture researches, functions of the treasures in the structure of this novel are also introduced as a theme of this study. Different sides of the personality of Hua-Guang, the protagonist, are revealed when fetching and losing treasures.

After sifting and arranging the folk resources, the editor reshaped the mixed images of Hua-Guang in the work, and reminded the readers of Hua-Guang’s affinities towards treasures. While emphasizing the importance of Buddhism, the editor also restrained Taoism in the work. Thus, the active image of the Emperor Hua-Guang is successfully built. These efforts from the editor promise the literary values of this novel, and shall raise it from misjudgments or total oblivion.

並列關鍵字

The Journey to the South ； Hua-Guang ； images ； treasures

參考文獻

鄭振鐸　1982　《插圖本中國文學史》，北京：人民文學出版社。

龔鵬程、張火慶　1984　《中國小說史論叢》，臺北：台灣學生書局。

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