外籍勞工政策對我國經濟之影響

台灣自從民國78年10月為因應六年國建之推動，正式開放外籍勞工引進，目前主要引進來源國為菲律賓、印尼、越南、泰國，總引進外籍勞工人數為45萬人，外籍勞工之引進對我國之經濟發展貢獻良多。引進外籍勞工可彌補國內無法供給或不願供給之勞力，本國勞工將因需求增加而提高就業與工資，亦有助於經濟發展及國民福祉之提升，成本低廉之外籍勞工有助於改善出口產業、減輕勞動成本，以維持對外競爭力，並減緩產業外移的腳步、加速推動重大工程推動，並有助國內經濟景氣回升與提昇國民生活品質，可刺激國內潛在勞動意願，提升本國勞工的生產力，外勞的引進也帶來了許多商機，進而增加不少高附加價值的工作機會。外籍勞工政策又以基本工資等問題較為重要，調整基本工資本除順應國際公約與世界潮流外，其目的旨在，藉由法定程序保障弱勢邊際勞工權益及基本生活需求，避免遭到惡意剝削，進而促進勞資關係和諧。長期以來各界對於勞工基本工資是否調整，均有論述基礎，或是合理主張，但研究中卻又發現，現行勞工基本工資制度部分設計，似乎不太符合社會需求。在此同時，我們必須瞭解，勞工基本工資調整所包括的層面極廣，不僅涉及勞工權益，或是牽動民間消費，而且亦會關係經營成本，甚至影響廠商投資意願，所以其制度調整不可不慎。

關鍵字

外籍勞工；經濟； 3K3班；五級制

並列摘要

As response to the 6-year-national-construction campaigned, Taiwan lifted the ban on introducing foreign labor in October 1989. At this time, the 450,000 foreign labors working in Taiwan, mainly from the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand, have created significant contributions to Taiwan’s economy. As the foreign workers meet the local demand for the man power the local market is unable or unwilling to provide, local labors are being employed in advanced duties for higher wage at the same time, a fact that boosts the economic development and welfare of the population. Besides, foreign workers of lower cost are key to improving the export industry, alleviating labor cost and securing competitiveness in the international market while slowing emigration of the manufacturing industry. As the country is waging efforts in launching major engineering projects and resuscitating local economy as well as upgrading quality of living of the population, activating potential labor willingness of the local market and eventually upgrading productivity of the local manpower, foreign labors have created business opportunities and high-value-added employments. When it comes to the foreign labor policy, basic wage among others make the key issues. In addition to complying with international pacts and meeting global trends, raising basic wage is meant to, by following legal procedures, protect both the interests and secure basic living requirements of the marginal weak, otherwise they would be malignantly exploited and the foreign labor policy is further expected to promote harmonious labor-capital relationship. Raising basic labor wage has been a repeatedly discussed issue and those who agree with and oppose the issue have their arguments solidly and logically founded. However, in the process, it is found that certain aspects of the basic labor wage system do not perfectly meet the demand of the community. We must understand that raising basic labor wage implies a large number of issues going beyond labor interests and spending of the population and operation costs are inevitably involved, likewise willingness of investors and all these elements suggest thorough considerations when it comes to adapting the system in question.