- 學位論文
非自主性移動無線感測器網路:模型化與應用
Non-Autonomous Mobile Wireless Sensor Network: Modeling and Application
摘要
使用無線感測器進行環境的監測，可以克服傳統監測方式的許多限制，並提高監測範圍與有效性。一般無線感測器網路系統的設計，多是假設無線感測器安裝於固定地點，或者是具有自主移動的能力。本論文針對非自主性移動的無線感測器網路(Non-Autonomous Mobile Wireless Sensor Network,簡稱NAMWSN)，例如被動順流於河流、海面或土石流上的流體的無線感測器，進行分析探討。此種感測器系統可以作到現有固定式感測器系統無法完成的功能。以土石流監控的例子來說，經過特別設計的無線感測器，可以隨著土石流移動，並於土石流內部進行當下現象的量測。 本研究設計並實作NAMWSN系統來進行土石流災害監控。傳統的土石流監測系統為固定式安裝於河岸、山坡等特定區域，被動的偵測土石流發生時所伴隨的現象。此種定點監測的方式，無法有效的持續監控移動的土石流，更無法監測土石流內部的資訊。本論文提出利用現象內監測的方式，讓無線感測器可以隨著土石流一起移動，使其可持續的監測土石流內部的資訊，包括：速度、方向與孔隙壓力等，並且即時將資訊回傳，直接監測現象內的情形。為了使無線感測器能夠長時間且有效率的在戶外運作，此種戶外的無線感測器系統設計考量與一般室內運作的無線感測器系統有顯著的差異。本研究針對系統各項設計考量，包含低耗電、即時反應性、通訊性能與包裝設計等，作了完整的探討、分析與測試。 設計NAMWSN系統，所仰賴的相關技術和傳統固定式的感測器有很大的差異，其中一項關鍵技術就是移動模型(mobility model)的建立。本文即使用在水上流動的非自主性移動無線感測器，透過蒐集其GPS移動軌跡，以此進行移動模型的分析與建立。所建立的移動模型，可產生大量虛擬的漂流軌跡，並提供NAMWSN無線感測器佈建策略與無線網路通訊的分析與模擬，節省實際測試系統的成本，並提升系統的NAMWSN系統的監測與網路傳輸效率。
並列摘要
Monitoring natural environments and disasters using wireless sensors could eliminate the constraints of wires that exist in traditional methods and could expand monitoring regions and increase monitoring efficiency. Currently, most wireless sensor systems are designed with some implicit assumptions, including that sensors are either stationary and installed in the ground or that they are able to move autonomously. In this thesis, we study a Non-Autonomous Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (NAMWSN), i.e., wireless sensor that drift on the surface of a river, sea, or debris flow and are moved passively by currents. The advantage of a NAMWSN is that the wireless sensors can directly and in-situ measure the parameters inside the target phenomena, which existing immobile equipments cannot do. In this thesis, we design and implement a non-autonomous mobile wireless sensor system to monitor debris flow. Traditional debris flow monitoring systems are stationary, but are expected to monitor moving debris. Obviously, this approach cannot efficiently track debris flows. For this reason, based on the NAMWSN concept, we propose a novel method of in-situ monitoring debris flow by dropping specially designed sensors in a debris flow and letting them move within the flow; thereby making the continuous tracking of debris flow and real-time reporting of data possible. The design considerations are significantly different from an indoor wireless sensor system. We analyze and evaluate the proposed wireless-sensor-based debris flow monitoring system in many aspects, including low power operation, system responsiveness, communication performance and packaging, etc. In contrast to traditional immobile WSNs, designing a NAMWSN system requires the development of new techniques, such as building a mobility model of the NAMWSN sensors. In this thesis, we collect the drifting trajectories of the wireless sensors using GPS; these trajectories are converted into maps and are used to build the mobility model of drifting objects. Based on the mobility model, an unlimited number of virtual drifting trajectories can be generated and fed into simulators. Therefore, we can analyze the performance of the newly designed NAMWSN system without costly experiments and can improve system performance.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
- 石俊彬、李大正（2009）。簡介移動式無線感測器網路技術及應用。電腦與通訊，(127)，63-70。https://doi.org/10.29917/CCLTJ.200903.0010
- 劉壬皓（2012）。具高適應性移動型無線感測器網路之動態路由及存取控制協定設計與實現〔碩士論文，國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.10516
- 劉葳庭 (2010). 無線感測器自動化網路佈署協定設計與實作 [master's thesis, National Chiao Tung University]. Airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6842/NCTU.2010.00016
- 歐進裕（2009）。無線感測網路中介平台之設計與實作─應用於動作感知〔碩士論文，國立屏東科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2009.00167
- 李建旻（2006）。A Location Mechanism with Mobile Reference Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks〔碩士論文，淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2006.00524