社會救助對怯志工作者效果影響之探討：以苗栗縣頭份市低收入戶與中低收入戶為例

近年我國社福預算不斷擴張，也引發大眾對於社福津貼會否使受領者產生福利依賴現象或影響工作意願而成為怯志工作者之討論。為探討弱勢家庭是否因領取社福津貼導致福利依賴現象，以及發掘何種因素會對其造成怯志工作者效果，本文以苗栗縣頭份市之低收入戶及中低收入戶為研究對象，就其家中領取津貼金額及種類、就業情況、人口特性及其他相關因素進行迴歸分析。研究結果顯示，津貼金額及種類並未對福利受領者造成怯志工作現象，且在加入其他變數後，與津貼相關之變數對就業比例之影響為正向顯著或不顯著，推測低收入戶及中低收入戶無明顯的福利依賴情形。此外，薪資對於就業比例有刺激效果，可觀察到低收入戶及中低收入戶有持續就業及自立脫貧之意願，可知社會救助不僅有消極的救濟作為，亦有積極的扶貧意涵。而性別、年齡、薪資、居住地區、婚姻狀況、家庭成員中身障者比例以及是否包含新住民等因素均對就業比例有正向影響。本研究藉由實證探討經濟弱勢家庭之就業情況、社會救助津貼對於怯志工作者效果影響、是否導致福利依賴現象，並歸納出須釐清「福利依賴」及「救助必要」，避免對弱勢族群貼標籤，以及使就業者穩定就業，避免落入失業困境等政策建議。

關鍵字

社會救助；低收入戶；中低收入戶；社會福利依賴；怯志工作者效果

並列摘要

In recent years, the social welfare budget has continued to increase in Taiwan. It triggers the public discussion on whether social welfare allowances will result in social welfare dependency or affect people’s willingness to work, becoming discouraged workers. This study aims to explore whether government subsidies affect recipients’ willingness to work and become discouraged workers by empirically examining the employment situation of low-income households and low-and middle-income families in Toufen City, Miaoli County. The results show that the amount and types of allowances did not cause the welfare recipients to become discouraged workers. After adding other variables, the impact of variables related to subsidies on the employment rate becomes positively significant or insignificant, which means that social welfare dependency is not apparent. In addition, salary has a stimulating effect on the employment ratio. This study also finds that disadvantaged families have a strong willingness to obtain employment and get out of poverty on their own. It can be shown that social assistance not only has a negative meaning of relief but also has a positive implication of supporting the poor. Moreover, gender, age, salary, area of residence, marital status, the proportion of disabled family members, and new immigrant family members positively impact the employment ratio. Based on the empirical findings, this study concludes some policy recommendations, including that it is critical to clarify “welfare dependency” and “necessity of assistance” to avoid disadvantaged labeling and stabilize employment to prevent from falling into unemployment.