電動車驅動馬達之磁路優化設計及控制分析

Optimal Magnetic Design and Control Analysis of Propulsion Motors for Electric Vehicles

吳尚青(Shang-Ching Wu)

指導教授 ： 王培仁

國立清華大學/工學院/動力機械工程學系/碩士(2020年)

摘要

隨著日益重要之綠能產業發展，電動車研究已成為最熱門的產業研究領域，世界各國競相投入此尚未發展成熟的產業新藍海，期望帶來產業發展新契機。電動車的動力仰賴驅動馬達，自然成為最核心之研究題目，如何根據電動車型式選用適當馬達規格，並設計出符合性能規格之馬達滿足行車模態需求，是設計電動車驅動系統的關鍵技術。
本論文從驅動馬達結構及種類切入，探討不同馬達在性能規格上的優劣點，並選定內藏式永磁同步馬達作為研究目標，鑒於實驗驗證資料取得性，以市售之馬達為驗證範例。經過改良馬達定轉子設計，嘗試改善總體效能。根據電動車馬達之寬廣操作轉速範圍之需求，必須分析馬達在不同操作點下之效能，故於馬達特性與控制電路設計分析時，分別採用美商ANSYS公司之電腦輔助工程分析套裝軟體，RMxprt®, Maxwell 2D/3D®以及Twin Builder®，進行數值計算之模擬分析。先以有限元素法計算馬達磁路特性，再驗證優化設計對馬達之整體性能，最後再探討不同控制操作下，搭配各種控制法則之電機特性與動態性能。
本論文根據驅動馬達之性能及效率分布地圖分析結果，配以多物理耦合模擬分析方式，將降階之電路模型與控制法則以方塊圖結合進行暫態控制分析，最終達成控制迴圈參數調整及確認，提供電力電子驅動系統結合馬達控制之成果供未來參考。

關鍵字

電動車 ； 內置式永磁同步電機 ； 電腦輔助工程分析 ； 馬達控制

並列摘要

With the development of the increasingly important green energy industry, electric vehicle(EV) research has become the most popular industry research field. Since the propulsion motor is the power core of electric vehicles, it has become the most important research topic.
The thesis investigates the structure and types of motors, discusses the performance and specifications, and employs the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor for verifications of the studies. Considering the availability of experimental data, a commercial drive motor is used as the verification target. By improving the design of the stator and rotor, the motor performance is enhanced. In the analysis of motor characteristics and control circuit dynamics, a CAE software package developed by ANSYS Inc. is employed for system analysis. The package is mainly based on the finite element method in calculation of the distribution of the electromagnetic field and the effects of optimized design parameters on the performance of the target motor.
Finally, the thesis discusses the dynamic characteristics of motor under various operational conditions controlled with several control algorithms. Based on the results of multi-domain multi-physics co-simulation analysis, the thesis concludes a motor efficiency map and combines the ECE reduced-order circuit motor model with the controller block diagram to give transient control simulation results. In conclusion, the overall control-loop parameters and relevant dynamic characteristics are verified with potential information in power electronic motor drive served as useful references in the future.

並列關鍵字

Electric Vehicles ； IPM Motors ； CAE Analysis ； Motor Control

參考文獻

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[2] "Nissan LEAF = Best Selling Car In Norway & Top Selling EV In Europe", retrieved form July 29, 2019, cleantechnica, https://cleantechnica.com/2019/01/21/nissan-leaf-best-selling-car-in-norway-top-selling-ev-in-europe/

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