應用於小型風力發電系統之最大功率追蹤控制晶片設計

Design of Maximum-Power-Point-Tracking Control IC for Small-Scale Wind Power Generation Systems

戴建平(Chien-Ping Tai)

指導教授 ： 陳新

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電子工程研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

近年油電雙漲與環保議題熱門，世界各國積極研發替代性能源，在考慮都市空間限制與噪音問題下，垂直型小型風力發電系統成為分散式潔淨能源選擇之一。為了增加系統效率與降低成本情況下，國內外許多文獻致力於開發最大功率追蹤(MPPT) 演算法，本論文主要探討最大功率追蹤演算法及其實現方式。風力發電系統其電壓電流特性會隨著環境中風速或溫度等特性呈非線性變化，若能給予適當的操作電壓與電流，便能達到較好的發電功率，「最佳轉矩控制法」可在不同的風速下，追蹤至最大功率值，且追蹤速度相較於其他演算法更快，本論文主要研究「最佳轉矩控制法」，將其改良並實現成晶片。
本論文主要貢獻在於：提出「具空氣密度適應性最佳轉矩控制法」，補償傳統最佳轉矩控制法無法隨空氣密度變化而追蹤至最大功率點的問題，並利用模擬與微處理器實驗演算法在風速穩態情形可行性。另外，為了符合現實大氣中風速動態變化特性，進一步探討更快追蹤至最大功率點的「改良型動態轉矩控制法」，以模擬驗證風速變化情況下可有效追蹤更多功率，並以類比電路方式將演算法實現成系統晶片。晶片採用TSMC CMOS0.18m 製程，操作電壓在1.8V，晶片佈局面積1.963*1.538mm2，總晶片消耗功率約1.5mW。實驗結果顯示，以此晶片帶入風機系統模擬功率轉換效率可達27.7%，相較於理想轉換效率28.1%，誤差為1.42%。

關鍵字

最大功率追蹤 ； 風力發電系統 ； 類比電路 ； 最佳轉矩控制法

並列摘要

The price of gas and electricity has increased rapidly in recent years, so do environmental protection attract more and more attention. Many countries are encouraging the development of alternative and renewable energy sources. Under the concern of space limitation and noise reduction in a city, the vertical, small-scale wind power generation system turns out to be a good option for distributed clean energy sources. In order to increase the system’s overall efficiency, as well as to decrease the cost, many maximum-powerpoint-tracking (MPPT) algorithms have been proposed in literatures. This thesis aims to identify MPPT algorithms suitable for wind-power generation and to implement the algorithms as a microsystem on a chip. In a windpower generation system, the operating voltage and operating current are nonlinearly dependent on the wind speed and the temperature. By controlling the operating voltage and current optimally, the energy-generation efficiency can be boosted greatly. The optimal-torque-control method is able to track MPPT much faster than other algorithms when the wind speed varies continuously. However, the optimal torque control could track the wrong maximum power point as the air density (environment) changes. Therefore, this thesis investigates the feasibility of improving the optimal-torque-control method and realizing the algorithms as a microsystem on a chip.
The major contributions of this thesis are described as follows. “An optimal torque control method with self-adaptability to environmental changes” is developed and verified by both simulation and implementation in a microprocessor. Taking into account the fact that the wind speed changes dynamically and continuously, this thesis further adopts the “dynamic optimal torque control (DOTC) method”to track maximum power point fast and reliably as wind speed changes. After verifying the capability of the DOTC method in simulation, this DOTC algorithm is further realized as a microsystem with analog integrated circuits. The microsystem is designed and fabricated with the TSMC CMOS 0.18m process. The power supply voltage is 1.8V. Total chip layout area is 1.963*1.538mm2 and it consumes less than 1.5mW. The experimental results reveal that the microsystem achieves a power-conversion coefficient of 27.7%, compatible with the ideal powerconversion coefficient of 28.1%, and the error is merely 1.42%.

並列關鍵字

MPPT ； Wind power generation systems ； Analog circuit ； Optimal-torque-control method

參考文獻

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