聾人的溝通民族誌：視覺對話的特性

An Ethnography of Deaf Communication: The Distinctiveness of Visible Conversation

陳玩臻(Chen, Wanzhen)

指導教授 ： 魏捷茲

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/人類學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2013.00252

摘要

本文是一篇關於聾人的溝通民族誌，於2010-2013年之間在臺灣、香港、中國進行多點的田野調查。臺灣、香港和中國有著三個不同的政體以及教育體制，雖然教材都是使用華文撰寫的，社會大眾也多數能通用華語和華文，卻有三套不同系統的手語。本文關注日常生活中聾人使用手語的溝通特性，發現感官情況不同，使用語言關連世界時，符號類型的運用也有所不同。在多重管道的溝通環境中，以視覺管道為主的手語大量運用指涉性，這種情況是跨手語存在，且與視覺有關的。在學術方面，以往語言人類學對指涉性的討論，只在人與人或人與物之間，本研究的貢獻在於發現指涉關係必須建立在感官的連結之上。另外，研究過程中注意到聾人在家庭和社會中「不能聽」的弱勢處境，因為語言的意識形態的關係，預先排除了視覺語言被使用的可能性，讓多重溝通管道不同管道之間的使用頻率失衡。本研究的目的不只讓人可以認識聾人及其溝通特性，也能讓人重新思考語言是什麼以及反省社會中某些制度或規則是否還有改善的空間。

關鍵字

聾人 ； 手語 ； 溝通民族誌 ； 臺灣手語 ； 語言意識型態

並列摘要

This article is an ethnography of communication about Deaf people in Taiwan, Hong Kong and China which study during 2010 to 2013. Taiwan, Hong Kong and China have three different regimes as well as the education system, although textbooks are written by Chinese and most people live in there can conversation with each other in Mandarin , there are more than three kinds of sign languages. This article focuses on the distinctiveness of visible Conversation in the daily life of Deaf people. When they use sign language to connect the world, they are through different sense organ and the symbol type of use is also different. There are multiple channels of communication in their daily life. It is based on visual experience and universal across different sign languages. On the academic side, the discussions about indexicatily in linguistic anthropology are only between people or persons and things, the contribution of this study is to find referential relationships must be built on the sensory link. In addition, this article noted the underprivileged of "people who cannot hear" are cause by language ideology. It eliminate the possibility of visual language to be used, the frequency of using the different channels of communication loss the balance. The purpose of this study are not only recognize the communication characteristics of Deaf people, but also make people rethink what is language and reflect on the operation mode of society if there is room for improvement.

並列關鍵字

Deaf ； sign language ； communication ethnography ； language ideology

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