論智慧財產權彈性空間之解釋與運用-以TRIPS合理使用規範及相關爭端解決報告為例

A study on interpretation and application on the flexibility in the intellectual property: from the perspective of fair use doctrine in TRIPS and related DSR

陳曉雯(Hsiao-Wen Chen)

指導教授 ： 劉孔中

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/科技法律研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2013.00615

摘要

TRIPS在著作權、商標與專利分別設有例外條款，也就是TRIPS第13、17、30條。本文以TRIPS例外條款所喻涵的彈性空間為研究標的，整理WTO爭端解決機制中與TRIPS例外條款相關案件，包括：美國著作權法第110條第5項案、加拿大藥品專利案以及歐盟地理標示案，分析三案件爭端解決報告對於例外條款的解釋方式與範圍，並列出學界對爭端解決小組解釋方式的評論，以及學者對於TRIPS例外條款彈性空間的見解。對應到國內例外條款實施現況時，則以例外條款之一的合理適用為例，分析法院在解釋例外條款時是否也落入與爭端解決小組相同謬誤。
目前學界最主要呼聲在於透過例外條款實施權利義務平衡，達到TRIPS第7條所謂的平衡目的，臺灣智慧財產權相關法典中合理使用條款皆是移植外國立法例而來，對於實踐在地化權利義務平衡有其困難性。本文透過比較法方式，提供外國法合理使用態樣，建議可適度放寬合理使用範圍。
最後，本文提出應重新思考例外條款之定位，不將之侷限於個案中的抗辯事由，並且就例外條款具有彈性空間的本質，本文建議為法院應積極利用裁量空間，並且對智慧財產權作適度限縮。

關鍵字

智慧財產權 ； 彈性空間 ； 合理使用 ； 例外條款 ； TRIPS

並列摘要

The exception clauses in TRIPS agreement are Articles 13, 17 and 30, which describe the exception and limitation to copyright, trademark and patent. The present study focus on the flexibility under exception clauses and start with reviewing DSB reports including U.S. Section 110(5) of Copyright Act , Canada-Patent Protection of Pharmaceutical Products and European Communities-Protection of Trademarks and Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs. Each section compares the interpretations made by WTO panels with criticisms and speculative recalibrated proposals. This study also discusses the flexibility in Taiwan IP laws from the perspective of fair use. Inspect the interpretations of exception clauses made by our courts are restrained the flexibility as well as DSB reports or not.
As to the most important object of the exception clauses is a balance of rights and obligations, it is also the content in the Article 7 of TRIPS agreement. However, the fair use doctrines in Taiwan IP laws are translated from foreign legal systems. This kind of legislation makes achieving local balance more difficult. By comparative jurisprudence, the study suggests that the fair use doctrines might have more flexible space.
Finally, the study concludes the exception clauses could be defined not only one objection but also one flexibility factor in IP laws. The court shall have a positive attitude to exercise of judicial discretion and try to reasonably limit IP rights.

並列關鍵字

intellectual property ； flexibility ； fair use ； exception clauses ； TRIPS

參考文獻

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(6) 彭心儀，全球化與多元價值，臺大法學論叢，第36卷第2期，2006年5月

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