本研究整合KT(Kepner & Tregoe)式理性思考法於萃智問題解決流程,將此流程擴充為六個階段:(0)狀況評估、(1)問題定義、(2)問題分析、(3)解答產生、(4)解答選擇與整合、(5)解答驗證,以幫助使用者從模糊的表徵現象收斂至問題點,以針對其核心關鍵不利點解決問題。本研究補足萃智問題解決流程難以在模糊、複雜問題情況下進行解題之不足,利用KT式理性思考法中狀況評估,從複雜、模糊的表徵狀況中,找出明確的表徵問題及其細部現象,再配合檢視流程、建立假說與驗證,辨識確切問題點與其所在系統位置,並整合其問題分析中是與不是(Is, Is not)比較,清楚描述偏差現象及其最接近之邏輯,以訂定明確目標、釐清可能疑點;並引入不利後果評估於決策分析中,以進行解答之負面因素評估;此外,本研究改善功能分析,增加多元件間功能表達方式與功能-功能間之功能關係,以及改善因果衝突鏈分析,提出利用問題點相關元件之屬性,作為因果關係思考的模式,以辨識更多不利點。 本研究貢獻包含:(1)提供一整合KT式理性思考法之問題解決流程,於複雜、模糊之表徵狀況下,以狀況評估工具有系統的收斂至問題點再加以解題,並整合其問題分析是與不是(Is, Is not)比較與決策分析不利後果評估;(2)提出進階功能分析,建立新的元件與功能表達方式;(3)提出基於屬性的因果衝突鏈分析,以元件-屬性有系統的辨識更多不利點;(4)建立系統化流程、表單與使用說明。
This research integrated KT (Kepner & Tregoe) method and TRIZ tools for problem solving. The process includes six stages: (0) Situation Appraisal; (1) Problem Definition; (2) Problem Analysis; (3) Solution Generations; (4) Solution Selection and Integration; and (5) Solution Verification. This structured process can help problem solvers convert murky surface problems to specific problem points, and then to critical key disadvantage(s) effectively. To make up the front-end process for solving murky, complex problems. The process modifies “Situation Appraisal” of the KT method with backward process reviews and added failure hypothesis to identify the failure point(s). The process further adopted “Is, Is not” method to clarify problem and “Risk Analysis” to select solutions. In addition, the capability of expressing function relationships among multiple components and function-upon-function were established. A new method of attribubte-based cause-effect contradiction chain analysis was established to help user identify more potential problem causes thus leading to more possible solutions. The contributions of this research include: 1) Integrating KT method into an existing TRIZ process to help analyze murky, complex problems more effectively; 2) Enhancing Function Analysis to include capability of expressing multiple functions among components and function-up-functions; 3) Proposing the Attribute-based Cause-Effect Contradiction Chain Analysis which can identify more detail advantages thus providing more opportunity for problem solving; 4)Establishing the forms and explanation for the full process to facilitate problem solving.