具超電容儲能及太陽光伏輔助能源收集之電動車內置磁石永磁同步馬達驅動系統

本論文旨在開發一電動車用內置磁石永磁同步馬達驅動系統，其配備超電容儲能以及太陽光伏能源收集裝置。蓄電池組經由交錯式升/降壓直流-直流轉換器建立一提升之直流鏈電壓。至於超電容，係以一單向降壓直流-直流轉換器為介面接至直流鏈，並經由一功率二極體與蓄電池相連。於再生煞車時，儲存於輪軸之動能先回充儲存於超電容，再對蓄電池充電。反之，超電容可放能協助電動車之加速驅動操作。透過電力電路及控制機構之妥善設計，所建構之電動車永磁同步馬達驅動系統具有良好之驅控性能，包含啟動、加/減速、及再生煞車等特性。此外，本論文提出改良之高頻注入無位置感測控制方法，使驅動系統具有媲美於標準驅動系統之操控性能。所提方法係藉由變化注入信號之頻率，以避免內置磁石永磁同步馬達反電動勢之諧波效應。於閒置狀態下，所開發永磁同步馬達驅動系統之電力電路，經適當安排可執行電網至車輛及車輛至家庭等操作。在電網至車輛操作中，可獲得良好充電性能以及交流入電電力品質。至於車輛至家庭之操作，以既有馬達驅動系統電力電路組接建構一單相三線式變頻器，藉由所提之差模與共模控制機構，所建變頻器可轉出良好波形品質之60Hz 220/110V交流電供給家用電器。最後探究以所建單相三線式變頻器從事車輛至電網操作之控制架構，並以模擬驗證其可行性及操控特性。

關鍵字

永磁同步馬達；電動車；超電容；無位置感測控制；電網至車輛；車輛至家庭；變頻器；再生煞車

並列摘要

This thesis develops an electric vehicle (EV) interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive equipped with supercapacitor (SC) energy storage and photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting devices. The boosted DC-link voltage is established from the battery set via an interleaved boost-buck DC/DC converter. As to the SC, it is interfaced to the DC-link using a unidirectional buck DC/DC converter and connected to the battery set through a power diode. During regenerative braking, the stored kinetic energy is first recovered to the SC, and then charged the battery set. Conversely, the SC can discharge its stored energy to assist the accelerative driving. Through proper schematic and control scheme designs, the established standard EV IPMSM drive possesses good driving performance, including starting, acceleration/deceleration, reversible and regenerative braking operation characteristics. Moreover, an improved high-frequency signal injection (HFI) position sensorless control method is proposed to let the sensorless EV IPMSM drive preserve the performances comparable to those of standard IPMSM drive. The varied injection frequency of HFI scheme is proposed to avoid the back-EMF harmonic effects possessed by IPMSM. In idle condition, the developed PMSM drive can perform G2V and V2H operations with the integrated schematics being formed using the embedded components in the EV IPMSM drive. In G2V operation, good battery charging performance and line drawn power quality are obtained. As to the V2H operation, by applying the differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) control approaches, the 220V/110V 60Hz AC output voltages with good waveform quality are generated from the battery by the established single-phase three-wire (1P3W) inverter to power home appliances. Finally, the exploration of V2G operation control using the established 1P3W inverter is made. And its feasibility and operation characteristics are verified by simulation.

並列關鍵字

Permanent-magnet synchronous motor ； electric vehicle ； supercapacitor ； sensorless control ； grid-to-vehicle ； vehicle-to-home ； inverter ； regenerative breaking

參考文獻

A. Electric Vehicles

[1] A. Emadi, K. Rajashekara, S. S. Williamson and S. M. Lukic, “Topological overview of hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicular power system architectures and configurations,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 736-770, 2005.

[2] G. Yimin and M. Ehsani, “Design and control methodology of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 633-640, 2010.

[3] S. G. Wirasingha and A. Emadi, “Classification and review of control strategies for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 111-122, 2011.

[4] A. G. Boulanger, A. C. Chu, S. Maxx and D. L. Waltz, “Vehicle electrification: status and issues,” in Proc. IEEE, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 1116-1138, 2011.

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具超電容儲能及太陽光伏輔助能源收集之電動車內置磁石永磁同步馬達驅動系統

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