結合糢糊層級與灰關聯分析法運用賽局理論於供應商評選機制

Integrating FAHP and FGRA with Game Theory for Supplier Selection

曹渝任(Yu-Ren Tsao)

指導教授 ： 黃惠民 ； 黃彥登

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201800271

摘要

在全球化經濟的趨勢下，企業將面臨激烈的市場競爭，因此須不斷提升產品品質與技術能力，並將成本與交期降至最低。為了更有效達到提升競爭力的目標，除了提升企業本身的競爭力外，對於供應商的選擇也是極為關鍵的重要因素，透過建立一套優良供應商評選機制促使企業評選出最適合之供應商，進而提升企業本身的競爭優勢。
以往大部分的研究皆假設製造商與供應商間資訊須完全透明，然而現實並非如此，故本研究為更貼近現實則將雙方資訊假設為不完全透明。再者，供應商評選的過程可能會出現許多語意式和感覺式的資訊，使得資訊是具有模糊性，而模糊理論則可保留相關的模糊資訊。故本研究將模糊理論帶入供應商評選機制中，並以六項指標當作本研究的供應商評選指標，提出兩套改良式混和賽局供應商評選機制模式，首先分別以模糊層級分析法及模糊灰關聯分析法計算製造商以及供應商選擇各項指標策略之優先重要性的權重比例，進而建立混和賽局供應商評選機制模式，並以數值分析分別比較兩套供應商評選機制模式。研究結果指出兩套供應商評選機制皆可評選出優良的供應商，且最終的評選結果差異不大。模糊層級分析法的做法專家及供應商提供的資料需是透過成對比較後的結果將能使資訊減少誤差，但須非常龐大且詳細的相關資料量；相較之下，糢糊灰關聯法則較為精簡且相關資料量可不需要太多，故能大大提升供應商評選的效率。

關鍵字

供應商評選、賽局理論、模糊層級分析法、模糊灰關聯分析法

並列摘要

In a global economy, business facing a fierce market competition. Supplier selection is a key to enhance and strengthen company’s competitiveness. The establishment of a suitable supplier selection mechanism encourages companies to select the most suitable suppliers that lead to a competitive advantage.
Most of the previous studies assumed that information between manufacturers and suppliers are entirely transparent. In order to conform to reality, this study considers the information of both parties is not entirely transparent. Much semantic and sensorial information in the supplier selection in this study is assumed. The use of fuzzy theory can retain semantic information. Therefore, this research implements a fuzzy approach to the supplier selection mechanism and uses six supplier selection indicators for the study. Two sets of improved mixed game theory for supplier selection models are also proposed to calculate the priority weight ratios of manufacturers and suppliers for selecting various strategies. They are the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process（FAHP） method and the Fuzzy Grey Relational Analysis（FGRA） method. Finally, we combine both to develop a mixed strategy. The model of the supplier selection mechanism is illustrated with the numerical analysis using the two sets of supplier selection mechanism models. The results of the study show that the two supplier selection mechanisms can identify good suppliers. To reduce errors in information, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process method can use pair-wise comparisons; but more information must be gathered by the suppliers and the manufacturers. We have shown that the Fuzzy Grey Relational Analysis method is more streamlined to improve the efficiency of supplier selection.

並列關鍵字

Supplier Selection、Game Theory、Fuzzy Grey Relational Analysis 、Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process

參考文獻

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