近年來全球經濟仍呈現低迷的狀況,全球各區域印刷電路板產業面臨衰退的危機,2015年各國印刷電路板產業全球市占仍以台資位居領先的地位,成長雖然持平仍是全球第一,但認知到全球的競爭環境與客戶結構的改變,亞洲地區各國的印刷電路板廠商也正改變其經營策略,台灣印刷電路板廠商正尋求製程技術上的改善與智能製造來提升競爭能力。因此如何經策略規劃制訂完善,需更加注重釐清目前該廠商自身及競爭對手在市場所處的位置及變化,是管理者在執行並調整定位策略時極為重要的課題。 本研究透過策略群組的理論架構進行分析,並以製造業及印刷電路板產業的各項指標作為策略群組分群的構面,挑選七個構面為負債淨值比、營運資金比、借款依存度、研發密集度、權益報酬率及營業利益,配合S-C-P模型探討構面的分類及之間的關係。資料取自台灣經濟新報資料庫(TEJ)、公開資訊觀測站及各廠商年報所提供之財務資料 (2011年到2015年) ,透過 Co-plot (Common plot: 合圖法) 統計分析方法求得各年度及跨年度的分群結果。依據分析結果即可掌握各策略群組的結構特徵及成員的組成,接著探討台灣印刷電路板廠商在群組間及群組內的移動狀態。 本研究根據 Co-plot 分析將台灣印刷電路板廠商五年績效表現所得二維平面圖,結果顯示印刷電路板產業,可劃分三大策略群組,分別為「高績效領先群」在權益報酬率及營業利益表現較好、「平衡發展群」在各構面表現平均、「高成本落後群」在營業成本比表現較差。每個群組透過相關係數矩陣可得知群組特性,而群組內部分成員會隨著環境變化調整競爭策略而出現明顯的變化軌跡及不明顯變化軌跡兩種,透過此動態分析及可知這些廠商之策略發展變化趨勢。因此本研究建議各廠商管理者應透過正確的市場定位分析,釐清該廠商真正的競爭對手,才能有效提升廠商的整體核心競爭能力,使廠商能適時地保持自身動態競爭優勢。
Recently, the global economy is still in a downturn. The printed circuit board (PCB) industry is facing a recession crisis all over the world. In 2015, Taiwan PCB manufacturers accounted for the leading market share, with the first growth rate in the world. However, with the change of global competitive environment and customer structure, the PCB manufacturers from Asian countries are changing their business strategy as well. Taiwan PCB manufacturers are looking for the technical improvement and intelligent manufacturing to enhance competitiveness. Therefore, establishing a comprehensive strategic plan, clarifying current position of the manufacturers in the market, and figuring out the location of competitors have become the current issues for managers to execute the strategy. This study adopts the framework of strategic group. The indicators for the PCB industry are used to divide strategy groups. The S-C-P model is used to discuss the classification and the relationships among the facets. The data is provided by the Taiwan Economic Journal(TEJ), the Market Observation Post System and the Annual Report of the manufacturers in the years of 2011 to 2015. The results show the structural characteristics of strategic groups and moving state of each group member. The moving state, including inner-group and multi-group, of each member belonging to Taiwan PCB industry is explored. The results of this study show the dynamic trend of Taiwan PCB industry. Based on the five-year performance using Co-plot analysis, Taiwan PCB manufacturers can be divided into three strategic groups, "high performance leading group", "balanced development group", and "high cost behind group", respectively. The characteristics of each group is displayed by the correlation coefficient matrix The members of each group will transform their competition strategies with the change of the environment, including obvious changes and less obvious changes. The dynamic analysis shows the trend of the development strategies of these companies. Therefore, this study suggests that the manufacturers should determine the correct market positioning, identify the real competitors, to enhance the overall core competitiveness effectively.