半導體封測產業關鍵成功因素之探討

台灣的半導體產業表現相當出色，亦為我國主要出口類別，而半導體封測為半導體產業中相當重要的一環，產業為產值估3465億元，工研院產科國際所預估2023年全球先進封裝技術年複合成長率將達5.2%。目前2019年止，台灣尚保有相當的競爭優勢，足以面對來自中國業者的挑戰。中國IC產業的總產值，於去年達到340億美元，與台灣的820億美元仍有差距。因此即使我國半導體產業成長率有一定水準，然而還是有不少產業分析師認為，在中國半導體廠商極力競爭之下，台灣半導體業者的科技優勢會日漸減弱。除此之外，未來高密度扇出型封裝在手機AP業者，如高通、聯發科、海思等帶動下，將於近年持續搭載，帶動扇出型封裝朝更高附加價值發展，封測產業可說是近年來半導體供應鏈的發展重點，過去雖有學者針對半導體產業進行關鍵成功因素之探討，但大多僅針對企業內部的探討，因此本研究希望可以較宏觀之角度針對半導體封測產業進行關鍵成功因素的探討。本研究針對半導體封測產業之關鍵成功因素進行探討，首先透過修正式德爾菲法彙整半導體封測產業關鍵成功因素，並透過專家問卷篩選關鍵成功因素，透過篩選後的關鍵成功因素做為後續AHP層級分析法之架構，再進一步進行AHP層級分析法的問卷設計、發放回收與分析。研究結果顯示，在三大主要構面「總體環境」、「產業環境」及「企業內部」中，「總體環境」是業者最重視的構面。總體環境構面中，「政策」為業者較為重視的總體環境因素。產業環境構面中，「產業內競爭」為業者最重視的因素。而企業內部構面中，「科技能力」是業者最重視的因素。

關鍵字

半導體產業；半導體封裝測試；關鍵成功因素；修正式德爾菲法；層級分析法

並列摘要

Semiconductor industry always has good performance and semiconductor product is the main category expert in Taiwan. Assembling and testing is an important part in semiconductor supply chain. Its output value is up to 3.465 billion dollars in 2018. Industrial Economics & Knowledge Center (IEK) predicts that annual compound growth rate of global advanced semiconductor assembling and testing technology will be up to 5.2 % in 2023. This research aims to discuss the key success factors of semiconductor assembling and testing industry. Firstly, this research adapts modified Delphi method to archive key success factors from previous research and filter these factors by semiconductor industry experts’ opinions. Secondly, this research constructs AHP structure based on these factors then designs expert questionnaires. After collecting and analyzing expert questionnaires, this research obtains the priority of these key success factors. This research finds out that among three main aspects of key success factor, “macro environment”, “industrial environment” and “enterprise internal”, “macro environment” is the most important aspect in experts’ opinion. Between two factors in “macro environment”, “policy” is regarded as more important factor. In addition, among four factors in “industrial environment”, “industrial competition” is considered most important key success factor. The last but not the least, among six factors in “enterprise internal”, “technological ability” is viewed as the most important factor.