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  • 學位論文

兩岸三地航空公司策略群組研究-結構關係與動態發展觀點

A Research on Strategic Groups of Airlines in Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong—Structural Relationship and Dynamic Development Perspectives

指導教授 : 嚴奇峰

摘要


現今航空運輸已成為五大主要運輸方式之一,近年來隨著旅遊業的興起更帶動航空運輸業的發展,許多廉價航空也因此而興起,造成整體航空產業的競爭越顯劇烈。而在全世界擁有眾多人口的亞太地區來說,航空產業的競爭更為劇烈,許多報告已指出未來廿年中,亞太地區將會是航空產業成長的主要推手,故此對於亞太地區的航空業者而言,要如何在這競爭劇烈的航空產業中生存,釐清自己與競爭對手在市場中的位置與變化,以及如何制定未來策略的走向,都將會是航空公司必須深思熟慮的主要議題。 本研究聚焦在亞太地區中的兩岸三地,以台灣、香港與大陸等三地的七間航空公司作為主要樣本,以策略群組的理論架構來進行探討與分析,並以兩岸三地航空產業的績效指標作為分群的依據,其中所選取之研究構面是依據現有研究文獻與產業實務特色作為所選取構面之基礎。資料選取自2011年至2015年各航空公司之年報所提出之原始數據,並透過Co-plot (合圖法) 統計分析方法得出各年度與多年度的分群結果。依據Co-plot所呈現出的結果圖可得知各群組的特徵與成員組成,也能進一步了解在產業中不同年份的動態發展與移動軌跡,以便對兩岸三地航空產業做更宏觀的探討與分析。 本研究將兩岸三地航空公司五年的績效表現放入Co-plot中進行分析而得出結果圖,並將兩岸三地航空產業劃分為四大群組,分別為「績效領導群」、「生存利基群」、「政策利基群」以及「績效落後群」。從Co-plot的策略群組分析圖中可得知,每一年航空公司的結構狀態與多年的移動軌跡,並得出各航空公司在每一年中所做的策略變化與發展趨勢。本研究也從策略軌跡中分為三種不同移動狀態的類別,分別為「群組內策略軌跡變化明顯者」、「群組內策略軌跡變化不明顯者」與「跨群組策略軌跡變化者」等三中不同類別的移動狀態。因此,本研究之結果有助於各航空公司釐清自身在產業中所處的競爭位置與實際對應的競爭對手,並調整所要因應與預應的競爭策略與未來發展方向,以增加自身航空公司的核心競爭力與動態優勢。

並列摘要


Nowadays, air transportation has become one of the five major modes of transportation. In recent years, with the rise of the tourism industry, the aviation industry has made great progress. In this context, many low-cost airlines have entered this emerging market, resulting in the competition of the aviation industry more fierce. In the Asian Pacific region, with a large population in the world, the competition in the aviation industry is more acute. Many reports have pointed out that in the next 20 years, Asian-Pacific region will become the main market where the aviation industry grows fast. Therefore, for the airlines providing services in Asian- Pacific region, how to survive in the fierce competition, and position in the competitive market, and plan the future strategy would be the important issues that airlines must deliberate. This study focuses on three representative areas in the Asian-Pacific region (i.e. Taiwan, Mainland China and Hong Kong), taking seven airlines, as the samples. The theoretical framework of strategic group is discussed and analyzed. The performance index of aviation industry is applied as the basis of grouping. The selected dimensions are based on the literature review and practical experience. The results of the annual and multi-year grouping were obtained by Co-plot statistical analysis, based on the data presented in the annual reports of the selected airlines from 2011 to 2015. The results show the members and the characteristics of each strategic group, such as moving trajectory and dynamic development situation, to make a macroscopic discussion and analysis on the aviation industry. This study analyzes the performance of the selected airlines in five years, and draws the result chart, and divides the aviation industry into four strategic groups (i.e. performance-leader group, survival-niche group, policy-niche group, and performance-lagger group) using Co-plot. According to the Co-plot diagram, each group learns the group characteristics by means of the inner member, with the obvious change trajectory in the competitive environment. Therefore, this study helps airlines to clarify their competitive position in the actual competitors, and adjust the coping strategy and the future development direction, to increase the core competitiveness and dynamic advantages.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


翁怡璇(2017)。臺灣驗證產業策略群組研究—以能源管理系統為例〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700850

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