- 學位論文
自行車自適應頭燈照明系統研製
A Development of Bicycle Adaptive Headlight Lighting System
摘要
本論文利用微控制器設計一個陣列型發光二極體自行車頭燈照明系統，並透過九軸運動感測器動態感測自行車姿態，實現自行車頭燈的自適應控制。 本論文主要分為三個部分，第一部分將介紹自行車自適應頭燈的機構設計，包含頭燈本體及電源供應器兩個部分的說明。第二部分會介紹自行車自適應頭燈的硬體電路設計，其中分為感測器線路、控制器線路及發光二極體驅動電路的說明。第三部分則介紹自行車自適應頭燈控制器的設計，說明該控制器透過感測器獲取自行車手把轉向角度、車身傾斜度及環境亮度的方法，並探討系統在感測器回授訊號發生急遽變化時的穩定度，以及當系統失效時的緊急應變措施，最後則為說明陣列型發光二極體的調光控制方法。 我們依照本論文的軟、硬體設計，實現自行車自適應頭燈雛型。經實驗驗證，該自適應頭燈可達到預期的功能目標。在道路測試的結果中顯示，自適應頭燈可以主動在自行車騎乘時，即時對當前的路況進行照明區域的補償。此外在自行車騎乘於顛簸的道路上時，因震動造成感測器輸出雜亂的回授訊號亦可以有效抑制。 在本論文中其主要貢獻有下列幾點： 1.提升騎乘安全性：自適應頭燈可以主動依照路況，即時補償照明區域，降低光線不足產生的視覺疲勞及視線上的盲點。 2.系統穩定度高：透過演算法過濾感測器因道路顛簸而產生的雜亂回授訊號，系統可快速準確的對照明區域補償。 3.應用範圍廣闊：自適應頭燈除了應用於自行車外，亦可裝設於普通機車、三輪機車及電動個人輔助機動裝置─賽格威等，透過騎乘者自身維持載具平衡的交通運輸載具。
並列摘要
In this thesis, we use microcontroller as the control core, to design an array type light-emitting diode (LED) bicycle headlight lighting system. Through the nine-axis motion sensor dynamic sensing bicycle posture, it achieves the adaptive control of the bicycle headlight. The thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, we will describe the mechanism design of bicycle adaptive headlights. It's describe includes the two parts of the headlight body and power supply. In the second part, we will describe the electronic circuit design of bicycle adaptive headlights. It is divided into the sensor circuit, controller circuit and LED drive circuit. In the third part, we will explain the bicycle adaptive headlights controller. At first, how the controller through the sensor to acquisition bicycle handlebar steering angle, bicycle frame inclination and environmental brightness methods is given. Then, it will explore the system stability that is when the sensor feedback signal rapid changes, the contingency will measure when the system fault. The last, it describes the dimming control method of the LED lighting array. Furthermore, we will present the bicycle adaptive headlights prototype according to the software and hardware design in this thesis. By the experimental verification, we will show that it can achieve the expected functions. When riding a bicycle, the adaptive headlights can proactively immediate, compensate the illumination area for current road conditions. In addition, when the bicycle riding on bumpy roads, the sensor feedback signal noise caused by the bicycle frame vibration, it also can be effectively inhibited. In this thesis, its main contributions are given in the following points: 1.Enhance of the riding safety: The adaptive headlights can proactively according to the road conditions, immediate compensation the illumination area and reduce visual fatigue and vision blind spot generated by insufficient lighting. 2.High system stability: Through the algorithms, it will filter the noise of the sensor feedback signal generated by road bumps. The system will be quickly and accurately compensated for the illumination area. 3.Wide range of applications: The adaptive headlights also can be applied to the general motorcycle, three-wheeled motorcycle and the electric personal assistive mobility device-Segway, etc., most of the transportation equipment that vehicle balance through the rider self-sustaining.