摘要
中文摘要 本研究主要探討在Polysulfone / NMP ( N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone )鑄膜液中添加界面活性劑、DGDE ( Diethyleneglycol Dimethylether )及乙醇 (非溶劑 ) 的對濕式成膜系統中溶劑、非溶劑交換速率以及膜結構的影響。主要之研究重點在於利用FT-IR Microscopy來對成膜過程進行較定量之分析，並與三成分相圖、光穿透實驗、染色光學觀察作比較，試圖發展較量化的成膜機制之研究方法。 研究中發現於PSf ( 高分子 ) / NMP ( 溶劑 ) / H2O(凝聚劑 ) 系統中添加適量之疏水性界面活性劑Span-80或於PSf/NMP/EtOH系統中添加適量DGDE，皆可有效抑制巨形孔洞之生成，但原因皆不在於鑄膜液黏度之提高。由FT-IR Microscopy分析結果發現，前者主要原因在於添加界面活性劑後凝聚劑與鑄膜液之親和力減弱，導致溶劑與非溶劑交換速率降低；而後者則是因為DGDE的快速流出加速相分離所造成。此外，於PSf/NMP/EtOH系統中添加適量乙醇 ( 非溶劑 ) ，可發現巨形孔洞之形狀由圓形轉為手指狀，主要原因在於非溶劑滲透速率之增加及相分離速率加快所造成。 使用FT-IR Microscopy分析成膜過程中溶劑及非溶劑之交換速率，可突破以往光穿透實驗無法定量解釋之缺點，並彌補光學染色實驗無法量測溶劑流出速率之缺點，證實確為研究成膜機制的有效工具。
並列摘要
Abstract In this work, the effect of solvent/coagulant exchange rate on the formation of macrovoids in three membrane formation systems was investigated. The polymer and solvent used in these three systems were the same：polysulfone and NMP, but the additive and coagulant were different：surfactant/water, DGDE/ethanol, and ethanol/ethanol. FT-IR microscopy was used to analyze the concentration change of solvent and coagulant during membrane formation. The FT-IR microscopy technique, in association with measurement of bimodal curves, light-transmission experiment, and optical observation, can give better understanding for membrane formation. According to SEM analysis, it was found that, the addition of hydrophobic surfactant or DGDE in casting solution could inhibit the growth of the macrovoids, which was not originated from the increase in the viscosity of casting solution. The effect of these additives was examined by using FT-IR m microscopy to analyze the concentration change of solvent and coagulant in the casting film during membrane formation. The result indicated that, for the surfactant that can inhibit the growth of macrovoids, the addition of surfactant would lower the exchange rate between solvent and coagulant because of the decrease in the affinity between casting solution and coagulant. On the other hand, the addition of DGDE would enhance the outflow rate of solvent and result in an increase in the phase separation rate. In addition, the addition of ethanol can change the shape of macrovoids form cellular to finger-like, which could be attributed to the higher coagulant penetration rate and faster phase separation.