注意力缺陷過動疾患兒童在魏氏兒童智力量表上表現之研究

The WISC-Ⅲ performance of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

余信珠(Hsin-Chu Yu)

指導教授 ： 梁培勇 ； 譚偉像

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2003年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200300681

摘要

摘 要
本研究是利用中文魏氏兒童智力量表第三版（WISC-Ⅲ）為工具，評估注意力不足/過動疾患（ADHD）兒童在此工具上的表現，期能找出可能的本國組型以利臨床鑑別診斷之用。
受試者為經專科醫師診斷為ADHD-C者，42名男性、2名女性，年齡分佈在6-13歲間。將所得結果與我國年齡常模樣本做比較，發現本國ADHD兒童在中文版WISC-Ⅲ的分測驗中，符號替代和符號尋找有顯著偏低傾向，與外國版WISC-Ⅲ針對ADHD兒童所做的研究結果，符號替代和記憶廣度兩項分數最差，不完全一致。智力商數中的全量表和語文智商，與我國常模相較沒有差異存在，操作智商則達顯著水準（P＜.05），指數分數中的語文理解、知覺組織和專心注意等指數分數與我國常模相較沒有差異，僅處理速度指數分數達顯著差異，與國外WISC-Ⅲ針對ADHD兒童所做的研究結果專心注意和處理速度指數分數與常模樣本相較達顯著仍不完全一致。可能與本國ADHD兒童在記憶廣度和算術兩項分測驗，與常模相較沒有顯著差異有關。
在ACID組型的表現上，本國ADHD兒童不論是完全或部份呈現ACID組型人數比率僅有6.7﹪，比國外WISC-Ⅲ的ADHD樣本呈現ACID組型的人數比率39.7﹪明顯偏低，故以ACID組型當成一個診斷ADHD的參考，可能容易做錯誤的否定。WISC-Ⅲ新增的SCAD組型減PO的得分大於1以上者，國外ADHD樣本有84﹪，國內樣本也有80﹪，與國外正常組樣本的48﹪有顯著的偏高，故可能是診斷國內ADHD兒童較可靠的組型。

關鍵字

魏氏兒童智力量表 ； 注意力缺陷過動疾患

並列摘要

Abstract
This research applies Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children -Third Edition, (WISC-III) Chinese Version to evaluate the performance of Attention Deficient / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to help in clinical diagnosis of possible domestic module.
The subjects are 42 males and 2 females, age 6 to 13 years old, diagnosed as ACHD-C by specialized doctors. To compare the results with domestic norm finds ADHD children have significant lower scores in Coding and Symbol Search of Chinese WISC-III. This is not completely consistent with foreign research of ADHD-children in WISC-III test have poorest performance in Coding and Digit Span. The FIQ and VIQ have no significant differences with domestic norm. The PIQ has reached significant difference (P<.05). The Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization and Freedom from Distractibility of Index Scores have not had significant difference with domestic norm. There is only Processing Speed of Index Score reached significant difference. This is again inconsistent with foreign research of ADHD children’s performance in WISC-III have Freedom from Distractibility and Processing Speed reached significant difference when compared with norm. This could be related to domestic ADHD children’s performance of Digit Span and Arithmetric have not reached significant difference when comparing with norm.
There is only 6.7 % of ACID group among domestic complete or partial ADHD children. This is significantly lower than foreign result of 39.7% ACID group of ADHD sample in WISC-III. Therefore to apply ACID group as a reference for ADHD diagnosis could be possibly incorrect. The foreign ADHD has reached 84% and domestic sample reached 80% in newly added SCAD group in WISC-III to minus PO with result more scoring than 1. These are higher than foreign normal sample of 48%, hence could be a more reliable group in diagnosing domestic ADHD children.

並列關鍵字

WISC-Ⅲ ； ADHD

參考文獻

American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (4th ed.). Washington, D. C.:Author.

Anastopoulos,A.D.,Spisto,M.A.,＆Mafer,M.C.,(1994). The WISC-Ⅲ freedom from distractibility factor: its utility in identifying children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Assessment 6:368-371.

Bannatyne, A.(1974). Diagnosis: A note on recategorization of the WISC scale scores. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 7, 272-274.

Barkley,R.A.(1997).Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive function:constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin,121, 65-94.

Barkley,R.A., (1990). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : a handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: the Guilford press.