- 學位論文
從「教化」至「品味」：對《真理與方法》中人文主義主導概念之文本詮釋
From “ Bildung ” to “Geschmack”：A Textual Hermeneutics of the Guiding Concepts of the Humanism in “Truth and Method”
摘要
本文探討高達美人文主義傳統的四個主導概念：從「教化」至「品味」，高達美的主要目的，在於恢復精神科學的真理。高達美首先批判自然科學的方法論問題， 十九世紀精神科學在邏輯上的自我思考完全受自然科學的模式所支配，造成真理的相對論。高達美認為精神科學有別於自然科學，因此回溯到人文主義傳統去尋找精神科學的真正基礎，按照高達美的分析，人文主義的四個主導概念 ─ 「教化」（Bildung）、「共通感」（sensus communis）、「判斷力」（Urteilskraft）、及「品味」（Geschmack）是人文主義留給我們最根本的東西。 「教化」概念具有主導地位，教化是精神科學的本質，教化的本質是捨棄特殊性向普遍性提升，教化的過程是在異己的東西裡認識自身，在異己的東西裡感到是在自己的家，這就是精神的基本運動，這種精神的存有只是從他物出發向自己本身的返回。共通感，按照高達美的觀點，教化實際上就是一種普遍的共同的感覺，教化的過程就是對共通感的培養和造就。 共通感是一種共同性的感覺，它揭示精神科學判斷的基礎不是抽象的原則，是一種共通感，是一種社會道德的共在。判斷力是共通感的基礎，判斷力表現了精神科學的實踐智慧，從個別具體事物去發展和補充一般。品味由判斷力所規定，品味就是一種審美判斷力，對具體的情況有一種獨特的創造力，雖然在康德美學裡共通感、判斷力、品味都喪失了原始的豐富意義，按照高達美的看法要我們正確掌握這些要素的真正意涵，我們就可以找到精神科學不同於自然科學的認識方式和真理泉源。
並列摘要
There are four guiding concepts in Gadamer’s tradition of the humanism will be discussed in my Master’s thesis: From “Bildung” to “Geschmack”. Gadamer’s main purpose aimed to retrieve the truth of the human sciences . Gadamer initially gave criticisms against the methodology of the natural sciences. The logic self-reflection of the human sciences in the Nineteenth Century was completely dominated by the patterns of the natural sciences, which caused the relativism in the truth. Gadamer believed that the human sciences is different from the natural sciences and should be traced back to the tradition of the humanism in order to search for the real foundation of the human sciences. According to Gadamer’s analysis, the four guiding concepts of the humanism, such like Bildung, the sensus communis, the judgment, and the taste are the fundamental things we have from the humanism. The concept of Bildung is dominant and is also the nature of the human sciences. The nature of Bildung is to abandon the unique and elevate to the universality. The process of Bildung is to acquaint oneself in the alienation. One can feel he or she is in the home in the process of alienation. This is just the fundamental movement of the “Geist”（spirit）. This sort of the existence of “Geist”（spirit） is just the returning from the self to the other. According to Gadamer’s viewpoint, the Bildung, in fact, is the common feeling of the universality. The process of the Bildung is the cultivation and promotion of the sense of communion. The sensus communis is the common sense, which discloses the foundation of the judgment of the human sciences is not the abstract principle, but the sense of the communion and the co-existence of social morals. The ability of judgment is the foundation of the sense of the communion. The ability of judgment would express the phronesis of the human sciences, which could be developed and replenished by other individual things. The taste is under the rule of the ability of judgment. The taste is the ability of aesthetic judgment and is also the unique creation. Although in Kant’s aesthetics, the sensus communis, the ability of judgment and the taste had lost the original meaning. According to Gadamer’s viewpoint, as long as we hold the real meaning of these elements, we can still find out the way of reorganization and the fountain of the truth which the human sciences owns are different to the natural science.