設計對話型代理人語言協助引導認知學習

Designing a Conversational Agent Language for Navigating Cognitive-Learning Process

陳惠茹(Huei-Ru Chen)

指導教授 ： 賀嘉生

中原大學/工學院/資訊工程研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400447

摘要

代理人間可以彼此透過代理人通訊語言(ACL)溝通，如利用KQML語言來傳遞訊息。但是這些語言都是程式語言，而非自然語言，因此本研究設計一套代理人語言，讓代理人透過該語言產生自然語言的語句，使代理人與代理人或使用者之間可使用自然語言進行對話。
　　概念圖(Concept Map)與基模(Schema)為認知心理學中常被使用的知識表示法，知識地圖以這兩種概念為基礎設計了概念階層(Concept Hierarchy)與概念基模(Concept Schema)做為兩個主要的元素。認知層次(Cognitive Level)可以分為兩類：低認知層次和高認知層次。低認知層次中包含知識、理解，高認知層次中則包含應用、分析、綜合、評鑑層次。
　　本研究以知識地圖作為代理人的知識儲存架構，並以知識地圖和認知層次為基礎，利用知識地圖中的知識元素之間所具有的各種關係，搭配上認知層次中的知識、理解、應用層次，為這三種認知層次設計其所屬的知識指令，並根據Chomsky的轉換生成語法(TG)設計各種知識指令所搭配之文法。
　　「前置組體」是建立在：知識依抽象程度高低按層次結構組織、知識是相互作用與聯繫的，這兩個基礎之上的教學策略。而知識地圖正符合了這兩個條件，因此本論文依據前置組體(Advance Organizer)的三個教學活動階段：講解前置組體、提出學習任務或學習材料、強化認知系統，來設計教學模組作為代理人的對話模組。
　　代理人根據對話模組自知識地圖中取得知識元素、產生知識指令。再透過知識指令的文法推導出語句基本結構。並利用二元樹結構的中序式，將語句基本結構轉換成自然語言的語句。最後，將此語句依據所需轉換成疑問句、否定句或祈使句，來進行認知教學的引導。

關鍵字

會話 ； 知識結構 ； 轉換生成語法 ； 智慧型代理人 ； 認知層次

並列摘要

Agents could transmit messages with each other using Agent Communication Language (ACL). ACL is program language, but it isn’t natural language. Agents may be not communicated with users through program language. In this paper, a conversational agent language, which be used to transmit messages between agents and users through natural language, is proposed to navigate cognitive-learning process.
The knowledge structure used in this paper is Knowledge Map. Knowledge Map comes from the idea of “concept map” and “schema”. Two major elements existing in Knowledge Map are Concept Hierarchy and Concept Schema. Cognitive Level is classified to knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. Knowledge Instructions, which is based on Knowledge Map and Cognitive Level, was defined in our research.
And some grammars, which refer to Transformational-Generative Grammar, are designed individually for Knowledge Instructions. A Knowledge Instruction is transferred to the basic structure of sentence through the Knowledge Instruction grammar. An affirmative sentence is constructed from the basic structure of sentence through inorder of the binary tree. Interrogative sentences, negative sentences and imperative sentences are also analyzed in this paper.
An affirmative sentence could be transferred to an interrogative sentence, a negative sentence, or an imperative sentence. Agents could use four sentence patterns to navigation cognitive-learning process. The model of teaching, which is used in this paper, is Advance Organizer that was used to produce the Knowledge Instruction.

並列關鍵字

Knowledge Structure ； Intelligent Agent ； Transformational-Generative Grammar ； Cognitive Level ； Conversation

參考文獻

[Aus68] Ausubel, D. P., (1968) Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1968

[ANH78] Ausubel, D. P., Novak, J. D., and Hanesian, H., (1978) Educational Psychology: A cognitive view (2nd.), New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1978

[Cho57] Chomsky, N., (1957) Syntactic Structure, The Hague: Mouton

[Cho65] Chomsky, N., (1965) Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.

[Pre76] Preece, P.F.W., (1976) "Mapping cognitive Structure: A comparison of methods," Journal of Educational Psychology, Volume: 68, pp.1-8, 1976