軟體公司建置專案管理知識工程系統之研究

A Study on Implementation of Project Management Knowledge Engineering System in Software Company

陳秀玲(Hsiu-Lin Chen)

指導教授 ： 皮世明

中原大學/商學院/資訊管理研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400536

摘要

摘　要

在這知識經濟時代，產品及服務的變化及全球化競爭劇烈，使得企業已無法容忍專案管理人員經過長時間的摸索及種種失敗後獲取經驗的昂貴代價下進行專案工作，因此企業內的成員絕對有必要對專案管理有完整的知識領域，才能提高許多專案成功的機率。因此，若可汲取專案管理典範企業的管理模式,將之建構為一個專案管理知識工程系統,提供給有專案管理需求的其他企業快速、完全達成專案目標,對應於市場上現有專案管理系統只做到記錄而無控制的系統，其助益將更大。
本研究欲從專案管理及知識管理的實務需求發展一套符合大多數企業需求及典範移植的系統，以有效達成專案成果之參考。研究之方法，首先經由文獻重新探討回顧中，重新檢視專案管理的相關技術，其次，利用問卷的方法普查一般企業是否有專案管理需求，最後，透過個案訪談對照專案管理關鍵成功因素，經領域專家驗證後，提出一個整合專案管理和知識管理系統的專案管理知識工程系統雛型，並列出不同階段下的產出文件建議和文件表單範例。
在本研究中，依據深度訪談專家得到的寶貴意見彙總後，整理出軟體公司專案管理及知識管理的成功因素，大致與下列因素有重要且顯著的關係：
1.規劃及管理能力：由於每個專案都有其特殊性，有特定的起迄時間及固定的預算範圍，並且整個執行過程是一連串相關且複雜的活動，尤其軟體公司可能同時存在多個專案，所以在訪談和問卷調查中，可發現被專家認為是重要且緊急的系統要項，是屬於規劃和管理能力。透過規劃和管理的能力，專案可以有效的預估及分配資源、控制成本、掌握時程、確保品質、降低風險或減少風險衝擊並達到知識記錄及知識移轉分享的功能。
2.控制和跟催能力：在訪談中可歸納出另一個重要成功因素則是控制和跟催能力。因為有良好的規劃之後，尚需配合良好的控制和跟催能力才能達到管理最佳化的要求，這個從訪談結果中被專家認為重要且緊急的項目功能就可得到驗證。在整個專案的過程中，如何透過e-mail、Web化來達到工作分派的有效性、明確性、時效性及如何建構專案前後的作業流程一致性，是專家們認為專案能否成功的關鍵因素。
在專案管理知識工程系統的雛型模式及功能系統上，本研究依據資料分析彙總後得到的專案管理和知識管理的關鍵成功因素，包括了：1.規劃及管理能力； 2.控制和跟催能力並以系統分析的方法將系統功能套用在軟體公司使用最普遍的瀑布式軟體開發模式上，整理出一個包含了專案管理和知識管理功能的系統雛型架構。其架構是將整個系統分成追蹤控制模組和管理模組兩部分，再把追踪控制模組依維護人員的群組特性分成Project Tracking、Job Tracking、DSS Tracking、QAR Tracking、RCN Tracking，管理模組也依功能別分為管理，作業流程和知識移轉三部分，且建議此系統要架構在web下，並結合flow engine和e-mail做相關的管控。

關鍵字

軟體公司 ； 專案管理 ； 知識工程系統

並列摘要

Abstract
In this Knowledge Economic era, the paces of products and service have been changing rapidly. Enterprise can no longer tolerate project managers to slowly pick up their experience in project management, staffs within enterprise must have a full understanding of project management to increase their chances in project successful rate. Hence, if we can extract project management samples from best practice and build up a project management system based on these samples, it can be very helpful to enterprises in quickly and fully achieve their project objectives.
In this research, we tried to elaborate a project management system from best practices which can fully meet enterprise’s requirements. We will review literatures to gain an insight in project management related skills. We will then evaluate whether enterprises have demands in project management skills by distributing questionnaires. We will then base on case studies to list project management successful factors. After confirmed by domain experts, we will propose a Project Management and Knowledge Engineering System prototype which can integrate project and knowledge management and list all the documents that should be produce under different stage of project management.
In this research, after interview with domain experts, we have concluded the following two successful factors of project management for software houses :
1. Ability to plan and manage : Every project has its own specialty, time duration, and fix amount of budget to meet. The process of project management is a series of complicate activities especially when there are many projects running by software houses at the same time. All domain experts had agreed that the most import factor for success is the ability to plan and manage. With this ability, project managers can efficiently allocate resources, control cost, ensure quality, reduce risk, and share knowledge among different projects.
2. Ability to control and follow-up : Once projects have been well-planed, how to control and follow-up by either web or e-mail is another important factor to contribute project success.
In this paper, we will integrate the important factors mentioned above into the waterfall software development model that is commonly used by most software houses. Our system architecture is to categorize into follow-up and control module and management module. We then base on the characteristic of maintenance personnel to further categorize follow-up and control module into Project Tracking, Job Tracking, DSS Tracking, QAR Tracking, and RCN Tracking. Management module will also further categorize into Manage, Operation Workflow, and Knowledge Share. This system is recommended to build as web-based system and integrate flow-engine and e-mail for better management and monitoring.

Keywords : Software Houses, Project Management, Knowledge Engineering System

並列關鍵字

Software Houses ； knowledge engineering system ； project management

參考文獻

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