美濃菸業聚落與菸業建築之研究（1919~2004）

The Research of Tobacco Industrial Settlement and Tobacco Industrial Building in Mei Nung（1919~2004）

黃俊憲(Chun-hsien Huang)

指導教授 ： 堀込憲二

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400546

摘要

明治38年（1905），台灣正式宣布進入菸草專賣時代，自此開啟菸草計畫性栽培的控管方式，並藉此尋求穩定的財政資源。大正3年（1914）黃色種菸草的引進使得陷入困境的日本移民獲得經濟上的紓解，更刺激了台灣菸草產業的劇烈發展，從此奠定台灣菸草品種的首重地位。
美濃菸草產業的發展即是在市場極度需求的因素下啟航，並逐步擴展出「菸草王國」的美譽，成為菸草產量、菸草聚落、菸樓建築最為完整與健全的重鎮。然而隨著洋菸進口的衝擊下，台灣菸草競爭力已無法抗衡，致使原有產業空間紋理開始遭受棄置與抽離。因此，本論文以「歷史、活動、空間」等三大主軸切入，分別列入各章節中以詳加論述美濃菸草聚落與菸樓建築的演進關聯。

第一章 序論：主要針對研究動機、目的、方法進行論述，並對台灣菸草歷史的發展進行概述。
第二章 美濃菸草產業的發展歷程：主要探討美濃菸草產業興衰的影響因子，包含自然的潛在資源，以及人文的產業組織與社群交流。
第三章 美濃菸業聚落的空間形塑：主要論述產業活動對於聚落擴張之關聯、美濃聚落演進的狀態分析，以及輔導站建築與聚落發展之連結。
第四章 美濃菸樓建築的空間建構：主要針對美濃菸草產業發展過程中，各類菸草對應乾燥空間之分析，並對現存菸樓作詳盡測繪與紀錄，以釐清在地營建思維對菸樓營造之影響，達到發掘區域間獨特的空間價值。
第五章 結論：綜合以上論述，可得知美濃菸草產業的活動與空間具有下列特質。

一、環境的優勢與特性：由於優越的自然環境、社群體系的不平衡、豐富的技藝構法、以及時空演進下的多元型態等因素交互影響下，致使發展出美濃現今「菸草王國」的風貌。
二、箝制下的勞動身體：由於豐厚利潤的誘因驅使下，美濃人不斷的投入菸草栽培的行列，使得公賣局得以箝制菸農勞動的自主權。
三、菸樓營造與身體實踐：早期菸樓起造均反映了農耕社會下自力造屋的營建過程，其一磚、一瓦、一石、一礫，都代表著個人生命的烙印與軌跡，同時也代表著身體對於空間的具體實踐。

關鍵字

美濃 ； 菸業聚落 ； 菸業建築 ； 菸草

並列摘要

In 1905, Taiwan has formally attended the tobacco monopoly era and began the systematic planting of tobacco to explore a stable financial resource. In 1914, the import of the yellow species tobacco relieves the Japanese emigrants from the financial difficulty and the import stimulates the tobacco industry development in Taiwan. Henceforth, the primary status of Taiwan in tobacco industry has been established.
The development of the tobacco industry in Meinung was outset by the requirement of the market. Step by step, Meinung becomes “the empire of tobacco”, and the production, community and buildings of Meinung are the most matured and completed. However, under the impact of western tobacco, the tobacco industry in Taiwan can’t compete with it and then leads to the abandon of the original industry. Therefore, we discussed the relationship of the tobacco community and the structures in Meinung in three aspects, history, activity and space, in the following chapters.

Chapters
1. Introduction：The motive, purposes and methods of the study and the concept of the history of the tobacco industry in Taiwan
2. The development of tobacco industry in Meinung：The influential factors of the prosperity of tobacco industry in Meinung, including of the natural resource, local culture, industrial system and the community influent.
3. The tobacco community of Meinung：The relationship of the expansion of the community and the activity of the industry. The analyses of the evolution of the community in Meinung and the connection of the buildings and the community.
4. The structure of the tobacco buildings in Meinung：The analyses of all the species of tobacco to the arid space. The precise record and measure of the tobacco buildings that are still exist to reorganize the influences of the local idea in establishing a tobacco building. And to discover the value between them.
5. Conclusion：To sum up, the activities and space of the tobacco industry have some characteristics as follows：
(1) The advantage and characteristic in environment：Owing to the alternate influences of the superior environment, the imbalance of social community, the abundance of skill and the various types via evolution, leads Meinung to “the empire of tobacco”.
(2) The labors under control：The authority concerned lay hold of the people in Meinumg that devote themselves in this industry owing to the abundant profit.
(3) The realization of the idea and the establishment of the tobacco buildings：The establishment of the tobacco buildings reflects the self-reliance of the agricultural society, even a brick, a roof tile, a stone or a rock stands for the sear and the orbit of life and is the representation of specific realization between human and nature.

並列關鍵字

Mei Nung ； Tobacco ； Tobacco Industrial Building ； Tobacco Industrial Settlement

參考文獻

黃色種菸葉等級規範專案小組

台灣省菸酒公賣局局志編輯委員會

台灣省菸酒公賣局專賣圖錄編輯委員會

臺灣銀行經濟研究室

1995，《中華民國八十四年台閩地區農林漁牧業調查報告》，第20卷高雄縣報告，行政院主計處編印。